Shahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Assessing the Capacity and Ranking Regions of Varamin City with Infill Development ApproachAssessing the Capacity and Ranking Regions of Varamin City with Infill Development Approach12010556810.48308/sdge.2025.237840.1224FAMohamad MahdiMahabadi PoorDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran0009-0001-5746-2252AhmadZanganehDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5540-2985Hamid RezaTalkhabiDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2335-6416Journal Article20241204<strong>Background and purpose</strong><br />This research aims to assess and rank the internal capacities of Varamin city, proposing solutions for sustainable development and optimal use of its resources. Urbanization has significantly impacted urban life quality and sustainable development, with fragmented urban growth posing serious challenges to city structures and functions. Iran has experienced rapid urban growth in recent decades, particularly in metropolitan areas, leading to a "metropolitan explosion" characterized by rising land prices, outward migration, and scattered urban structures. Varamin, part of the Tehran metropolitan area, has undergone fragmented development due to migration, population growth, and development policies. This trend has resulted in agricultural land loss and economic disruption, necessitating in-depth analysis and strategies to effectively utilize the city's internal capacities.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />This research was conducted through descriptive and analytical methods with an applied objective of examining the potential for inward urban development in Varamin. Various physical and social indicators were utilized. Data was collected from diverse sources and analyzed using various software such as Excel and ArcGIS Pro. Information was analyzed using the Cocoso model in Excel and ArcGIS Pro. Ultimately, the analysis of inward development indicators was based on the results of expert questionnaires and the Cocoso model.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion</strong><br />According to the Cocoso model, District 2 of Varamin has the highest capacity for inward development (2.779), followed by District 1 (2.042) and District 3 (1.674). Main internal development potentials include abandoned lands, dilapidated areas, and sewage channels. Focusing on these could shift growth from peripheral to inward development. Given the abundance of wasteland and incompatible land uses, Varamin has significant inward development opportunities. Urban expansion should be avoided to reduce sprawl and maintain land use balance, considering Varamin's sensitive position.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />This research employed various indicators, models, and statistical-spatial techniques to assess Varamin's urban development potential. Findings reveal significant opportunities within the city's current fabric and boundaries. Due to Varamin's diverse social and economic structure, implementing smart growth and inner-city development policies requires extensive studies and field surveys. Inner-city development is multifaceted, and any intervention must consider all aspects. Utilizing modern urban development approaches such as the 15-minute city, agile city, compact city concepts, and the right to transfer development, can lead to sustainable growth and improved quality of life in Varamin, aligning with the goals of urban development theories.<strong>Background and purpose</strong><br />This research aims to assess and rank the internal capacities of Varamin city, proposing solutions for sustainable development and optimal use of its resources. Urbanization has significantly impacted urban life quality and sustainable development, with fragmented urban growth posing serious challenges to city structures and functions. Iran has experienced rapid urban growth in recent decades, particularly in metropolitan areas, leading to a "metropolitan explosion" characterized by rising land prices, outward migration, and scattered urban structures. Varamin, part of the Tehran metropolitan area, has undergone fragmented development due to migration, population growth, and development policies. This trend has resulted in agricultural land loss and economic disruption, necessitating in-depth analysis and strategies to effectively utilize the city's internal capacities.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />This research was conducted through descriptive and analytical methods with an applied objective of examining the potential for inward urban development in Varamin. Various physical and social indicators were utilized. Data was collected from diverse sources and analyzed using various software such as Excel and ArcGIS Pro. Information was analyzed using the Cocoso model in Excel and ArcGIS Pro. Ultimately, the analysis of inward development indicators was based on the results of expert questionnaires and the Cocoso model.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion</strong><br />According to the Cocoso model, District 2 of Varamin has the highest capacity for inward development (2.779), followed by District 1 (2.042) and District 3 (1.674). Main internal development potentials include abandoned lands, dilapidated areas, and sewage channels. Focusing on these could shift growth from peripheral to inward development. Given the abundance of wasteland and incompatible land uses, Varamin has significant inward development opportunities. Urban expansion should be avoided to reduce sprawl and maintain land use balance, considering Varamin's sensitive position.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />This research employed various indicators, models, and statistical-spatial techniques to assess Varamin's urban development potential. Findings reveal significant opportunities within the city's current fabric and boundaries. Due to Varamin's diverse social and economic structure, implementing smart growth and inner-city development policies requires extensive studies and field surveys. Inner-city development is multifaceted, and any intervention must consider all aspects. Utilizing modern urban development approaches such as the 15-minute city, agile city, compact city concepts, and the right to transfer development, can lead to sustainable growth and improved quality of life in Varamin, aligning with the goals of urban development theories.https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_105568_2be578b93aa91c3112a8d96c93907ea9.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Analysis of the Internet effects on the neighborhood-base principle of the Iranian-Islamic city with Meta synthesis approachAnalysis of the Internet effects on the neighborhood-base principle of the Iranian-Islamic city with Meta synthesis approach214010414710.48308/sdge.2024.232829.1146FAMortezaMirgholamiDepartment of Urbanism, Tabriz University of Islamic Art, Tabriz, IranParisaHashempourDepartment of Urbanism, Tabriz University of Islamic Art, Tabriz, IranRasoolHaghbayanDepartment of Urbanism, Tabriz University of Islamic Art, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20230820<strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Today, neighborhood-based has been weakened and neglected due to the influence of various factors. On the other hand, in the last few decades, due to the changes in the conditions caused by the development of the Internet and cyberspace, cities and their neighborhoods are facing a new situation, which affects the realization of the principle of the Iranian-Islamic city. Based on this, the current research intends to extract and explain the basic components of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhoods-based, and measure the status of these components in terms of their importance and feasibility in the Internet age.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The information in this research is documented and based on books, articles, research plans, and other authentic written documents related to the main keywords of the research. First, to measure the acceptability of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhoods based on the age of the Internet, the basic components of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhoods-based are identified, then the status of these components in this era is analyzed based on the available global sources.<strong> </strong>The research method to perform the mentioned process is based on the meta-synthesis qualitative method, which integrates and combines the findings of a series of related qualitative studies and interprets their results and findings. In addition, in the various meta- synthesis stages of this research, data coding according to themes and logical reasoning was used to extract, analyze and interpret the findings.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>According to the findings, the Iranian-Islamic neighborhood-based in the<strong> </strong>functional dimension that monitors the relative functional self-sufficiency reduces the necessity of its existence in the age of the Internet, and its realization in a neighborhood is highly dependent on the conditions of the neighborhood in terms of the physicality of the neighborhood or the internet activity status of people in the neighborhood. The Iranian-Islamic neighborhood-based in the social dimension, which is mainly focused on neighborly relations, its gap and serious lack is also felt in the age of the Internet. However, the Internet can have serious negative effects on neighborhood relations due to the change in people's living conditions and the transfer of a large part of social relations to social networks. Another point is that there are difficult and complex challenges and issues such as maintaining and strengthening face-to-face relations in this field, which makes it difficult to improve and strengthen neighborhood relations with the characteristics of an Islamic city in this era. The neighborhood-based in management dimension in the form of self-help and local governance can also have a suitable situation in the age of the Internet, while increasing the necessity, due to the capacity of this technology to increase transparency, participation and efficiency of urban management, and the problems and challenges of this area can be solved more than in the past.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, because the foundation and basis of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhood and its neighborhood-based are rooted in the social dimension and social relations, in the form of neighborhood relations, the realization of an Iranian-Islamic neighborhood in the internet age is more difficult and intricate than before and may face decline.<strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Today, neighborhood-based has been weakened and neglected due to the influence of various factors. On the other hand, in the last few decades, due to the changes in the conditions caused by the development of the Internet and cyberspace, cities and their neighborhoods are facing a new situation, which affects the realization of the principle of the Iranian-Islamic city. Based on this, the current research intends to extract and explain the basic components of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhoods-based, and measure the status of these components in terms of their importance and feasibility in the Internet age.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The information in this research is documented and based on books, articles, research plans, and other authentic written documents related to the main keywords of the research. First, to measure the acceptability of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhoods based on the age of the Internet, the basic components of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhoods-based are identified, then the status of these components in this era is analyzed based on the available global sources.<strong> </strong>The research method to perform the mentioned process is based on the meta-synthesis qualitative method, which integrates and combines the findings of a series of related qualitative studies and interprets their results and findings. In addition, in the various meta- synthesis stages of this research, data coding according to themes and logical reasoning was used to extract, analyze and interpret the findings.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>According to the findings, the Iranian-Islamic neighborhood-based in the<strong> </strong>functional dimension that monitors the relative functional self-sufficiency reduces the necessity of its existence in the age of the Internet, and its realization in a neighborhood is highly dependent on the conditions of the neighborhood in terms of the physicality of the neighborhood or the internet activity status of people in the neighborhood. The Iranian-Islamic neighborhood-based in the social dimension, which is mainly focused on neighborly relations, its gap and serious lack is also felt in the age of the Internet. However, the Internet can have serious negative effects on neighborhood relations due to the change in people's living conditions and the transfer of a large part of social relations to social networks. Another point is that there are difficult and complex challenges and issues such as maintaining and strengthening face-to-face relations in this field, which makes it difficult to improve and strengthen neighborhood relations with the characteristics of an Islamic city in this era. The neighborhood-based in management dimension in the form of self-help and local governance can also have a suitable situation in the age of the Internet, while increasing the necessity, due to the capacity of this technology to increase transparency, participation and efficiency of urban management, and the problems and challenges of this area can be solved more than in the past.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, because the foundation and basis of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhood and its neighborhood-based are rooted in the social dimension and social relations, in the form of neighborhood relations, the realization of an Iranian-Islamic neighborhood in the internet age is more difficult and intricate than before and may face decline.https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_104147_061c32ba9f832fde359e352dfccbd421.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Multi-objective Optimization of Two Types of Kinetic Shading Devices to Enhance Energy Efficiency and DaylightingMulti-objective Optimization of Two Types of Kinetic Shading Devices to Enhance Energy Efficiency and Daylighting415810493010.48308/sdge.2024.234834.1187FASayyed Mohammad MahdiMirmomtazDepartment of Architecture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-2294-7292MohammadBaharvandDepartment of Architecture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-1638-4910NargesDehghanDepartment of Architecture, Advancement in Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran0000-0003-4496-2917TabassomSafikhaniTourism Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-6359-1504Journal Article20240216<strong>Background and purpose</strong>: Architects are increasingly exploring methods to enhance occupants' comfort within buildings by optimizing natural daylight levels while simultaneously improving energy efficiency. The incorporation of dynamic elements in building facades, however, remains relatively uncommon. The inherent dynamic nature of daylight, coupled with the static nature of conventional facades, often hinders the optimal utilization of natural light. Consequently, sustainable architecture strives to develop strategies that maximize the effective use of daylight throughout the day as well as achieve enhanced energy performance. Therefore, this study investigates the application of adaptive shading devices to optimize both daylighting and energy efficiency. Specifically, this is achieved by optimizing daylight utilization while considering the most effective variables influencing the performance of adaptive shading devices on the southern facade of an office building in Isfahan, Iran.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: This study adopts a rationalist approach, employing a quantitative, experimental methodology based on computer simulations to achieve its applied objective. It aims to investigate the causal relationships between independent variables (the design parameters of adaptive shading devices) and dependent variables (daylighting and energy efficiency optimization) within the context of south-facing facades of office buildings in Isfahan's hot and dry climate. The simulations were conducted using a parametric modeling workflow. The initial model was developed in Rhino software using the Grasshopper environment. Daylight and energy performance were simulated using the Ladybug Tools plugin. A genetic algorithm, specifically the NSGA-II algorithm, was employed for multi-objective optimization using the Wallace plugin. The base model, representing a square-shaped office space on the third floor of a building in Isfahan, was analyzed with two types of adaptive shading devices: peripheral and retractable. Each shading type was evaluated across 100 variations, totaling 200 simulations. Building performance indices, namely Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) and Energy Use Intensity (EUI), were analyzed both simultaneously and individually for each of the four seasons and annually to identify the optimal configurations. Given the conflicting nature of the two objectives (maximizing UDI and minimizing EUI), a multi-objective optimization approach was employed, allowing for the ranking and comparison of optimal solutions based on their performance across both indicators.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion</strong>: Based on the defined fitness function, the optimal design alternatives were identified. Regarding the peripheral adaptive shading system, the multi-objective optimization process showed that, across the 100 evaluated configurations, the best performance was achieved with a shading depth of 100 cm during spring, summer, and autumn, and a depth of 29 cm during winter. This configuration resulted in a 20 % increase in UDI and a 21 % reduction in EUI compared to the base case. Similarly, for the retractable adaptive shading system, a consistent depth of 100 cm across all four seasons yielded the most favorable results, leading to a 26 % increase in UDI and a substantial 48 % decrease in EUI.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The findings demonstrate that implementing either peripheral or retractable adaptive shading systems in office buildings in Isfahan can effectively optimize both daylighting performance and energy efficiency concurrently, despite the challenges posed by the region's hot and dry climate, particularly the intensely hot summers.<strong>Background and purpose</strong>: Architects are increasingly exploring methods to enhance occupants' comfort within buildings by optimizing natural daylight levels while simultaneously improving energy efficiency. The incorporation of dynamic elements in building facades, however, remains relatively uncommon. The inherent dynamic nature of daylight, coupled with the static nature of conventional facades, often hinders the optimal utilization of natural light. Consequently, sustainable architecture strives to develop strategies that maximize the effective use of daylight throughout the day as well as achieve enhanced energy performance. Therefore, this study investigates the application of adaptive shading devices to optimize both daylighting and energy efficiency. Specifically, this is achieved by optimizing daylight utilization while considering the most effective variables influencing the performance of adaptive shading devices on the southern facade of an office building in Isfahan, Iran.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: This study adopts a rationalist approach, employing a quantitative, experimental methodology based on computer simulations to achieve its applied objective. It aims to investigate the causal relationships between independent variables (the design parameters of adaptive shading devices) and dependent variables (daylighting and energy efficiency optimization) within the context of south-facing facades of office buildings in Isfahan's hot and dry climate. The simulations were conducted using a parametric modeling workflow. The initial model was developed in Rhino software using the Grasshopper environment. Daylight and energy performance were simulated using the Ladybug Tools plugin. A genetic algorithm, specifically the NSGA-II algorithm, was employed for multi-objective optimization using the Wallace plugin. The base model, representing a square-shaped office space on the third floor of a building in Isfahan, was analyzed with two types of adaptive shading devices: peripheral and retractable. Each shading type was evaluated across 100 variations, totaling 200 simulations. Building performance indices, namely Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) and Energy Use Intensity (EUI), were analyzed both simultaneously and individually for each of the four seasons and annually to identify the optimal configurations. Given the conflicting nature of the two objectives (maximizing UDI and minimizing EUI), a multi-objective optimization approach was employed, allowing for the ranking and comparison of optimal solutions based on their performance across both indicators.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion</strong>: Based on the defined fitness function, the optimal design alternatives were identified. Regarding the peripheral adaptive shading system, the multi-objective optimization process showed that, across the 100 evaluated configurations, the best performance was achieved with a shading depth of 100 cm during spring, summer, and autumn, and a depth of 29 cm during winter. This configuration resulted in a 20 % increase in UDI and a 21 % reduction in EUI compared to the base case. Similarly, for the retractable adaptive shading system, a consistent depth of 100 cm across all four seasons yielded the most favorable results, leading to a 26 % increase in UDI and a substantial 48 % decrease in EUI.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The findings demonstrate that implementing either peripheral or retractable adaptive shading systems in office buildings in Isfahan can effectively optimize both daylighting performance and energy efficiency concurrently, despite the challenges posed by the region's hot and dry climate, particularly the intensely hot summers.https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_104930_819dce9774ecc94fe9c2bb988179fb4d.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219The Effect of Security on the Willingness of Women to Use Urban Public Spaces (Case study: Behshahr City)The Effect of Security on the Willingness of Women to Use Urban Public Spaces (Case study: Behshahr City)597810556710.48308/sdge.2025.236238.1201FASedighehLotfiDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran0000-0001-6467-0642MaryamMomenpour AkerdiDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranJournal Article20240723<strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Public spaces serve as places where all members of the community can gather and benefit from various facilities and activities, playing a crucial role in enhancing the quality of urban life. However, the safety of these spaces, especially for women, has always been a primary concern. In architecture and urban design, paying attention to the distinctions between women and men and their different needs is very important. Women's share of leisure time is significantly less than that of men, and recreational and sports facilities for them are more limited. Unfortunately, statistics show that women are more likely than men to be victims of crime and harassment in public spaces. Research on the factors affecting women's safety and their willingness to use public spaces, especially urban parks, has identified a range of individual and environmental factors. The present study tried to investigate the impact of environmental factors women's safety and their willingness to use public spaces of urban parks.in the city of Behshar.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>This research is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive and survey-based in terms of its study type. The statistical population includes all women residing in the vicinity of Mellat Park in Behshahr. Mellat Park is close to important urban centers. The sample size was estimated to be 380 individuals using Cochran's formula with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. Simple random sampling was employed, and data were collected through a questionnaire. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 49 questions was used in this study. To examine the construct validity of the questionnaire and confirm the factors considered, in the first step, experts' opinions were used and some modifications were made, and in the second step, factor analysis using the rotation of orthogonal axes (Vari-Max) was used to obtain pure factors. For this purpose, the KMO index and Bartlett's sphericity test were used. To perform analysis appropriate to the scales used, Pearson correlation coefficients, chi-square test, path analysis, and other appropriate tests were used, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 22 and Amos software.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>The findings of the present study indicate that the most significant factor influencing women's willingness to use Mellat Park is the security present in the park. Security is a fundamental human need, and how it is addressed has a direct impact on the satisfaction of other needs. Therefore, security can be considered a fundamental right and a prerequisite for the continuity and enhancement of people's well-being and health. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, security is regarded as one of the essential and foundational needs for human development, similar to physiological needs that are necessary for sustaining life. Thus, improving this component directly affects the health and happiness of individuals and, consequently, society.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the study show that security is the most important concern for women in using the public space of Mellat Park. This can be due to various reasons, including personal experiences of insecurity in the park, observing inappropriate behavior, lack of adequate lighting, lack of security presence, and inappropriate design of the park. The second factor affecting women's willingness to use Mellat Park is freedom and comfort. This means feeling safe and comfortable when in the park, the absence of disturbance and harassment, the ability to perform various activities without judgment or restriction, and the presence of appropriate amenities such as restrooms, prayer rooms, etc. The presence of diverse and attractive facilities in the park can be a factor in increasing women's willingness to use it. These facilities can include green space suitable for walking and exercising, playgrounds for children, comfortable urban furniture, a suitable space for studying and working, sports facilities, etc.<strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Public spaces serve as places where all members of the community can gather and benefit from various facilities and activities, playing a crucial role in enhancing the quality of urban life. However, the safety of these spaces, especially for women, has always been a primary concern. In architecture and urban design, paying attention to the distinctions between women and men and their different needs is very important. Women's share of leisure time is significantly less than that of men, and recreational and sports facilities for them are more limited. Unfortunately, statistics show that women are more likely than men to be victims of crime and harassment in public spaces. Research on the factors affecting women's safety and their willingness to use public spaces, especially urban parks, has identified a range of individual and environmental factors. The present study tried to investigate the impact of environmental factors women's safety and their willingness to use public spaces of urban parks.in the city of Behshar.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>This research is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive and survey-based in terms of its study type. The statistical population includes all women residing in the vicinity of Mellat Park in Behshahr. Mellat Park is close to important urban centers. The sample size was estimated to be 380 individuals using Cochran's formula with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. Simple random sampling was employed, and data were collected through a questionnaire. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 49 questions was used in this study. To examine the construct validity of the questionnaire and confirm the factors considered, in the first step, experts' opinions were used and some modifications were made, and in the second step, factor analysis using the rotation of orthogonal axes (Vari-Max) was used to obtain pure factors. For this purpose, the KMO index and Bartlett's sphericity test were used. To perform analysis appropriate to the scales used, Pearson correlation coefficients, chi-square test, path analysis, and other appropriate tests were used, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 22 and Amos software.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>The findings of the present study indicate that the most significant factor influencing women's willingness to use Mellat Park is the security present in the park. Security is a fundamental human need, and how it is addressed has a direct impact on the satisfaction of other needs. Therefore, security can be considered a fundamental right and a prerequisite for the continuity and enhancement of people's well-being and health. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, security is regarded as one of the essential and foundational needs for human development, similar to physiological needs that are necessary for sustaining life. Thus, improving this component directly affects the health and happiness of individuals and, consequently, society.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the study show that security is the most important concern for women in using the public space of Mellat Park. This can be due to various reasons, including personal experiences of insecurity in the park, observing inappropriate behavior, lack of adequate lighting, lack of security presence, and inappropriate design of the park. The second factor affecting women's willingness to use Mellat Park is freedom and comfort. This means feeling safe and comfortable when in the park, the absence of disturbance and harassment, the ability to perform various activities without judgment or restriction, and the presence of appropriate amenities such as restrooms, prayer rooms, etc. The presence of diverse and attractive facilities in the park can be a factor in increasing women's willingness to use it. These facilities can include green space suitable for walking and exercising, playgrounds for children, comfortable urban furniture, a suitable space for studying and working, sports facilities, etc.https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_105567_3d32a55dfdfea370ed60f5f9cd3a2bb2.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Future Studies of Management Strategies Affecting on Settlement Pattern and Sustainable Development of Urmia CityFuture Studies of Management Strategies Affecting on Settlement Pattern and Sustainable Development of Urmia City7910010441510.48308/sdge.2024.233936.1171FAJavadDadgar. Department of Geography and urban planning, Marand branch, Islamic azad university, Marand,Iran0009-0009-5374-1113BakhtyarEzatpanah. Department of Geography and urban planning, Marand branch, Islamic azad university, Marand,IranEbrhimTaghavi. Department of Geography and urban planning, Marand branch, Islamic azad university, Marand,Iran0000-0003-3876-9037Journal Article20231204<strong>Introduction</strong>: According studies about Urmia City, it raises the necessity of understanding the future and planning for the three fundamental challenges of risk management and uncertainties, sustainable development issues and issues of reviewing management strategies affecting the settlement pattern and its effects on the sustainable development structure of urban areas, which requires new tools and methods for thinking about the future in a very complex and uncertain environment.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and exploratory in terms of methodology. In the first part, in order to identify key drivers using PESTLE analysis, 57 key drivers were grouped according to the type and importance of the issue into 6 dimensions: social and cultural (S&C), legal (L), technological (T), political (P), ecological and environmental (E&E) and economic (E). In order to identify the factors, key factors were grouped by studying the opinions of experts in the field, and sub-components of key factors were identified using the Delphi technique and obtaining the votes of 31 experts. In the second part, using a systemic approach and environmental analysis, influential trends and macro-trends were examined, and after extracting key drivers, foresight was conducted, and then possible scenarios were presented, and by testing these scenarios, the best scenarios were selected.<br /><strong>Discussion and Findings</strong>: According to studies the centralization of population and services, in the service area of the large cities of the province, and especially the large city of Urmia, the imbalance and disruption in spatial connections between residential areas and spatial structure are clearly evident. If the horizontal development of this metropolis continues for the next 10 years, more than the existing area of the city will inevitably be allocated to urban uses, which will result in the conversion of surrounding farms, gardens and biological centers into residential, service, industrial and other places. Sustainability assessment and evaluation is one of the issues that experts and planners have addressed, and less than two decades after the idea of sustainable development was proposed and used in political and scientific meetings, and methods and indicators - according to specialized fields. A review of the results shows that 13 factors in the impact section had the largest share in direct impact, of which 8 factors were also repeated in indirect impact with slight changes in the ranking. Only two factors, "migration and urbanization pressures" and "environmental sustainability", have changed in the ranking. Also, in the indirect impact section, the factors "the impact of sanctions and international policies" and "the challenge of sustainable regional security" have been moved in the ranking. In the impact section, the first 13 factors in direct impact are the same factors in indirect impact with some changes in the ranking.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: According to the research findings, the key factors of sustainable urban development can be classified in terms of impact and impact. In this regard, 57 factors have been examined and classified into two categories of impact and impact based on their relative importance. Based on the analysis of the data from the questionnaire, 9 strong or probable scenarios and 11 scenarios with high or acceptable compatibility were identified. Also, 4032 weak scenarios were evaluated. In general, it can be concluded that the main influencing and affected factors in direct and indirect impacts are almost the same.<br /> <strong>Introduction</strong>: According studies about Urmia City, it raises the necessity of understanding the future and planning for the three fundamental challenges of risk management and uncertainties, sustainable development issues and issues of reviewing management strategies affecting the settlement pattern and its effects on the sustainable development structure of urban areas, which requires new tools and methods for thinking about the future in a very complex and uncertain environment.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and exploratory in terms of methodology. In the first part, in order to identify key drivers using PESTLE analysis, 57 key drivers were grouped according to the type and importance of the issue into 6 dimensions: social and cultural (S&C), legal (L), technological (T), political (P), ecological and environmental (E&E) and economic (E). In order to identify the factors, key factors were grouped by studying the opinions of experts in the field, and sub-components of key factors were identified using the Delphi technique and obtaining the votes of 31 experts. In the second part, using a systemic approach and environmental analysis, influential trends and macro-trends were examined, and after extracting key drivers, foresight was conducted, and then possible scenarios were presented, and by testing these scenarios, the best scenarios were selected.<br /><strong>Discussion and Findings</strong>: According to studies the centralization of population and services, in the service area of the large cities of the province, and especially the large city of Urmia, the imbalance and disruption in spatial connections between residential areas and spatial structure are clearly evident. If the horizontal development of this metropolis continues for the next 10 years, more than the existing area of the city will inevitably be allocated to urban uses, which will result in the conversion of surrounding farms, gardens and biological centers into residential, service, industrial and other places. Sustainability assessment and evaluation is one of the issues that experts and planners have addressed, and less than two decades after the idea of sustainable development was proposed and used in political and scientific meetings, and methods and indicators - according to specialized fields. A review of the results shows that 13 factors in the impact section had the largest share in direct impact, of which 8 factors were also repeated in indirect impact with slight changes in the ranking. Only two factors, "migration and urbanization pressures" and "environmental sustainability", have changed in the ranking. Also, in the indirect impact section, the factors "the impact of sanctions and international policies" and "the challenge of sustainable regional security" have been moved in the ranking. In the impact section, the first 13 factors in direct impact are the same factors in indirect impact with some changes in the ranking.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: According to the research findings, the key factors of sustainable urban development can be classified in terms of impact and impact. In this regard, 57 factors have been examined and classified into two categories of impact and impact based on their relative importance. Based on the analysis of the data from the questionnaire, 9 strong or probable scenarios and 11 scenarios with high or acceptable compatibility were identified. Also, 4032 weak scenarios were evaluated. In general, it can be concluded that the main influencing and affected factors in direct and indirect impacts are almost the same.<br /> https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_104415_c9a945f253d171d9799c66827033127f.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Investigating and Predicting Trend of Land Cover/Land Use Changes in Coastal Habitat of Kiashahr LagoonInvestigating and Predicting Trend of Land Cover/Land Use Changes in Coastal Habitat of Kiashahr Lagoon10111610558410.48308/sdge.2024.236577.1209FAElnazSoleymaniDepartment of Environmental Science, Natural Resources Faculty,
University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0009-0009-6317-9267AfshinAlizadeh ShabaniDepartment of Environmental Science, Natural Resources Faculty,
University of Tehran, Karaj, IranAfshinDanehkarDepartment of Environmental Science, Natural Resources Faculty,
University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0003-0641-9286ParvanehSobhaniDepartment of Environmental Science, Natural Resources Faculty,
Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran0000-0001-9878-3768Journal Article20240815<strong>Background and Purpose:</strong> Coastal wetlands are transitional land-to-sea ecosystems that provide a wide range of benefits from ecosystem services, especially in supporting livelihood opportunities for various wildlife species. However, due to human activities, wetlands are continuously being degraded worldwide. The degradation and loss of these natural ecosystems threaten most of the natural resources used by local communities and wildlife-dependent resources. Any change in wetland ecosystems can also affect adjacent, upstream, and downstream ecosystems. For this purpose, examining the extent of changes in these areas is one of the main effective methods to prevent the degradation and loss of these sensitive areas. Therefore, the present study examined the extent of changes in land cover and use around the Kiashahr Lagoon in Boujagh National Park, one of the country's important bird areas and one of Iran's important sites in the Ramsar Convention.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: In this study, the trend of land cover/use changes was examined over 15 years. Landsat 5 (TM) satellite images for 2007 and Landsat 8 (OLI-TIRS) for 2014 and 2022 were classified and analyzed in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) web-based system. For classification, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm was used due to its remarkable accuracy and precision compared to other classification methods. Due to the maximum growth and density of vegetation in the region, satellite images were selected from May to August. In this study, NDVI and NDWI indices were used to better distinguish vegetation and water areas. Finally, validation was performed using the overall accuracy method and the kappa coefficient. The final result included 10 classes of water area, waterside, seaside, the main branch (Sefidrud), access channel, vegetation, hand-planted forest, agricultural land, bare land, and man-made land. To predict and model the changing trend for the year 2050, a combined Markov chain and autonomous cell (CA-Markov) model was used in the Idrisi Terr Set software.<br /><strong>Findings and Discussion</strong>: According to the results of the changes between 2007 and 2022, the highest increase was related to man-made lands by 25.5 percent and the highest decrease was related to agricultural lands by 98.3 percent, the main reasons for which are the conversion of agricultural land to man-made land and the development of human activities in this area. Likewise, the waterside decreased by 81.3 percent, the water area by 68.2 percent, the main branch (Sefidrud) by 0.42 percent, and the access channel by 0.16 percent in 2022 compared to 2007. These results can indicate the development of human activities and industrialization as well as the trend of climate change in this region during the studied years, which has led to a decrease in the level of water resources, including waterside, seaside, and the main branch (Sefidrud). The forecast results of the CA-Marcove model also showed that by 2050, the highest increase trend among existing land cover/uses will be in hand-planted forests at 0.57 percent. This is while agricultural land will have the largest decline with 1.15 percent.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Based on the results, continued land cover/use changes in Kiashahr Lagoon could lead to the destruction and extinction of the region's biodiversity. Given the importance of this area as part of a national park and a highly sensitive coastal marine habitat, minimizing these adverse effects and controlling them in the coming years requires appropriate and integrated planning for the proper exploitation of this natural resource. It is worth noting that the findings of this study could provide an opportunity to advance optimal solutions for the protection of Kiashahr Lagoon and the restoration of this wetland ecosystem, and to further control and monitor human activities in this sensitive coastal area.<br /> <br /><br /><br /><strong>Background and Purpose:</strong> Coastal wetlands are transitional land-to-sea ecosystems that provide a wide range of benefits from ecosystem services, especially in supporting livelihood opportunities for various wildlife species. However, due to human activities, wetlands are continuously being degraded worldwide. The degradation and loss of these natural ecosystems threaten most of the natural resources used by local communities and wildlife-dependent resources. Any change in wetland ecosystems can also affect adjacent, upstream, and downstream ecosystems. For this purpose, examining the extent of changes in these areas is one of the main effective methods to prevent the degradation and loss of these sensitive areas. Therefore, the present study examined the extent of changes in land cover and use around the Kiashahr Lagoon in Boujagh National Park, one of the country's important bird areas and one of Iran's important sites in the Ramsar Convention.<br /><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: In this study, the trend of land cover/use changes was examined over 15 years. Landsat 5 (TM) satellite images for 2007 and Landsat 8 (OLI-TIRS) for 2014 and 2022 were classified and analyzed in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) web-based system. For classification, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm was used due to its remarkable accuracy and precision compared to other classification methods. Due to the maximum growth and density of vegetation in the region, satellite images were selected from May to August. In this study, NDVI and NDWI indices were used to better distinguish vegetation and water areas. Finally, validation was performed using the overall accuracy method and the kappa coefficient. The final result included 10 classes of water area, waterside, seaside, the main branch (Sefidrud), access channel, vegetation, hand-planted forest, agricultural land, bare land, and man-made land. To predict and model the changing trend for the year 2050, a combined Markov chain and autonomous cell (CA-Markov) model was used in the Idrisi Terr Set software.<br /><strong>Findings and Discussion</strong>: According to the results of the changes between 2007 and 2022, the highest increase was related to man-made lands by 25.5 percent and the highest decrease was related to agricultural lands by 98.3 percent, the main reasons for which are the conversion of agricultural land to man-made land and the development of human activities in this area. Likewise, the waterside decreased by 81.3 percent, the water area by 68.2 percent, the main branch (Sefidrud) by 0.42 percent, and the access channel by 0.16 percent in 2022 compared to 2007. These results can indicate the development of human activities and industrialization as well as the trend of climate change in this region during the studied years, which has led to a decrease in the level of water resources, including waterside, seaside, and the main branch (Sefidrud). The forecast results of the CA-Marcove model also showed that by 2050, the highest increase trend among existing land cover/uses will be in hand-planted forests at 0.57 percent. This is while agricultural land will have the largest decline with 1.15 percent.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Based on the results, continued land cover/use changes in Kiashahr Lagoon could lead to the destruction and extinction of the region's biodiversity. Given the importance of this area as part of a national park and a highly sensitive coastal marine habitat, minimizing these adverse effects and controlling them in the coming years requires appropriate and integrated planning for the proper exploitation of this natural resource. It is worth noting that the findings of this study could provide an opportunity to advance optimal solutions for the protection of Kiashahr Lagoon and the restoration of this wetland ecosystem, and to further control and monitor human activities in this sensitive coastal area.<br /> <br /><br /><br />https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_105584_d0bbc5928767d81c21f35a5456330910.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Validation of Model of Motivations of Construction of Green Building in IranValidation of Model of Motivations of Construction of Green Building in Iran11713610558310.48308/sdge.2025.237554.1220FANarjesEskandari,Department of Environment, Roudhen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudhen, IranSaeedMotahariDepartment of Environment, Roudhen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudhen, Iran0000-0003-3926-8971AzitaBehbahaniniaDepartment of Environment, Roudhen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudhen, Iran0000-0002-6568-5560Journal Article20241112<strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The construction and construction of residential and office buildings has significantly increased the growth of urbanization in the world. The increase in new structures has not only increased the amount of energy consumption and the production of harmful gases, but the high inefficiency of these structures has created many environmental problems. Buildings are one of the main reasons for energy consumption in a world that is accompanied by severe resource limitations, especially for future generations. In such conditions, green buildings is a solution to face this increase in energy demand, reduce energy consumption, and increase energy efficiency. Sustainable and green approaches in the construction industry are expanding due to the importance of achieving the goals of reducing carbon footprints and adapting to the consequences of global warming. In this regard, the construction of green buildings has been considered an efficient method for energy consumption and responding to the needs of the era of sustainability. Green building construction is an effort to provide integrated economic, social, and environmental benefits. The contribution of the present study to knowledge enhancement and theoretical synergy is that this study is not simply a review of existing theories and definitions, but an attempt has been made to develop the theory of sustainability drivers to achieve the construction of green buildings with an approach based on a mixed exploratory design. The present study answers the fundamental question of what is the pattern of sustainability drivers and incentives for the construction of green buildings in Iran and how valid is it?<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>This research is applied-developmental from the point of view of the goal, and from the point of view of the method of data collection, it was done with a cross-sectional survey method. Also, in line with the goal, an exploratory mixed research design was used. The community of qualitative part participants included university professors and managers of the Green Building Council and Green Management Association of Iran. Sampling was done using a targeted method and theoretical saturation was obtained 16 interviews. The statistical population of the quantitative part included the managers and experts of the Green Building Council and the Green Management Association of Iran. The sample size was estimated to be 140 people using the rule of power analysis and the data was collected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Thematic qualitative analysis and partial least squares method were used to analyze the collected data.<br /><strong>Findings and Discussion: </strong>In the research findings section, to provide a model of sustainability drivers and motivations for the construction of green buildings, an expert interview was conducted with 16 university professors and managers of the Green Building Council and the Green Management Association of Iran. For this purpose, the interview protocol including 6 open questions was used. The interview was conducted with a semi-structured method and new questions were raised during the interview Interviews were analyzed in MaxQDA software with a thematic analysis method based on the proposed Etrid-Sterling approach in 6 steps. As a result, 3 overarching themes, 13 organizing themes, and 71 basic themes were obtained.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research results showed that environmental economic, and social stimuli affect government and social factors. The mentioned factors also affect cost management, energy management, and risk management by influencing legal factors and factors related to contractors. Finally, building aesthetics and security and safety issues lead to the construction of green buildings <br /> <strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The construction and construction of residential and office buildings has significantly increased the growth of urbanization in the world. The increase in new structures has not only increased the amount of energy consumption and the production of harmful gases, but the high inefficiency of these structures has created many environmental problems. Buildings are one of the main reasons for energy consumption in a world that is accompanied by severe resource limitations, especially for future generations. In such conditions, green buildings is a solution to face this increase in energy demand, reduce energy consumption, and increase energy efficiency. Sustainable and green approaches in the construction industry are expanding due to the importance of achieving the goals of reducing carbon footprints and adapting to the consequences of global warming. In this regard, the construction of green buildings has been considered an efficient method for energy consumption and responding to the needs of the era of sustainability. Green building construction is an effort to provide integrated economic, social, and environmental benefits. The contribution of the present study to knowledge enhancement and theoretical synergy is that this study is not simply a review of existing theories and definitions, but an attempt has been made to develop the theory of sustainability drivers to achieve the construction of green buildings with an approach based on a mixed exploratory design. The present study answers the fundamental question of what is the pattern of sustainability drivers and incentives for the construction of green buildings in Iran and how valid is it?<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>This research is applied-developmental from the point of view of the goal, and from the point of view of the method of data collection, it was done with a cross-sectional survey method. Also, in line with the goal, an exploratory mixed research design was used. The community of qualitative part participants included university professors and managers of the Green Building Council and Green Management Association of Iran. Sampling was done using a targeted method and theoretical saturation was obtained 16 interviews. The statistical population of the quantitative part included the managers and experts of the Green Building Council and the Green Management Association of Iran. The sample size was estimated to be 140 people using the rule of power analysis and the data was collected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Thematic qualitative analysis and partial least squares method were used to analyze the collected data.<br /><strong>Findings and Discussion: </strong>In the research findings section, to provide a model of sustainability drivers and motivations for the construction of green buildings, an expert interview was conducted with 16 university professors and managers of the Green Building Council and the Green Management Association of Iran. For this purpose, the interview protocol including 6 open questions was used. The interview was conducted with a semi-structured method and new questions were raised during the interview Interviews were analyzed in MaxQDA software with a thematic analysis method based on the proposed Etrid-Sterling approach in 6 steps. As a result, 3 overarching themes, 13 organizing themes, and 71 basic themes were obtained.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research results showed that environmental economic, and social stimuli affect government and social factors. The mentioned factors also affect cost management, energy management, and risk management by influencing legal factors and factors related to contractors. Finally, building aesthetics and security and safety issues lead to the construction of green buildings <br /> https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_105583_c355295c96421ae270ad6836be7f28de.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Affecting Factors on Sustainable Employment in Rural Settlements of Lorestan Province in Post-Covid EraAffecting Factors on Sustainable Employment in Rural Settlements of Lorestan Province in Post-Covid Era13715210475410.48308/sdge.2024.233767.1166FAAliKhodadadiDepartment of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3686-2086AliMokhtari KarcheganiDepartment of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3734-6729MortezaTavakoliAssociate Prof. in Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5347-9559Journal Article20231115<strong>Background and Purpose: </strong>With the spread of the Corona epidemic, the livelihood of human settlements underwent significant changes, and as a result, the villages have not been spared from the negative consequences of this phenomenon. With the continuation of this emerging problem, the economy of the village, especially their employment, has faced stagnation. Therefore, the current research aimed to investigate the factors affecting the sustainable employment of the villagers, considering the conditions caused by this disease.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: The current research is a descriptive-survey research method in terms of its purpose, application, and type. The nature of the data is quantitative and qualitative. The methods of collecting data and information are library, document, and survey. The data analysis is based on Dmetal techniques, including mutual analysis of influential and influential factors. The DEMATEL method was first presented by two researchers named Fontella and Gabos in 1976. This technique is based on pairwise comparisons and decision-making tools based on graph theory. This method is possible. It confirms the relationships between the variables or limits the relationships in a mutually systematic and developmental process between the criteria, the level of influence. And specifies their importance in the form of a numerical score. The most important indicator of the DEMATEL method is multi-criteria decision-making and performance. It is in creating relationships and structure between factors. This art is in addition to changing cause -and -effect relationships. And disabled to a structural visual model, can identify the internal relationships between the factors and make them understandable.<br /><strong>Findings and Discussion:</strong> Among the factors affecting the stability of the employment of the studied villages in the post-Covid period, in the first degree is the infrastructural and institutional dimension (f2) and in the second degree is the environmental dimension (f1) with weight coefficients of 0.19 and 13, respectively. As influencing factors and economic factor (f3) were identified as the most effective criteria. Based on this, infrastructural-institutional and sometimes environmental factors were identified and specified as the cause factors and the economic factors under the name of the effectivefactors. Some of the structural and institutional factors that have led to employment instability in the post-Covid period include unequal access to medical and health services; Inequality in benefiting from welfare opportunities, inappropriateness of access to various agricultural institutions, lack of agricultural products transformation industries, providing Permits for the construction of workshops for rural industries, inadequate hospitality, residential and sanitary facilities for tourists, low access to services, poor condition of roads and Rural roads, the weakness of telephone communication networks in rural areas, and the weakness of implementation of development programs in the region. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the post-Covid period, villagers, as the most vulnerable groups against economic changes, need more support from the national and local governments.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current research showed that the effectiveness of economic and social factors in reducing rural employment is very important in the Post-Covid era. For more appropriate management and development of employment in rural communities, especially the rural community of Lorestan, it is necessary to adopt appropriate economic solutions to support the agricultural sector and jobs related to villages. Also, it is necessary to manage these factors with cooperation and coordination between the government, organizations and the local community to minimize the reduction of rural employment in this period. In addition, it is necessary to pay a lot of attention to the social effects of these economic changes in villages and rural communities and take appropriate measures to preserve the identity and culture of villages.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Background and Purpose: </strong>With the spread of the Corona epidemic, the livelihood of human settlements underwent significant changes, and as a result, the villages have not been spared from the negative consequences of this phenomenon. With the continuation of this emerging problem, the economy of the village, especially their employment, has faced stagnation. Therefore, the current research aimed to investigate the factors affecting the sustainable employment of the villagers, considering the conditions caused by this disease.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: The current research is a descriptive-survey research method in terms of its purpose, application, and type. The nature of the data is quantitative and qualitative. The methods of collecting data and information are library, document, and survey. The data analysis is based on Dmetal techniques, including mutual analysis of influential and influential factors. The DEMATEL method was first presented by two researchers named Fontella and Gabos in 1976. This technique is based on pairwise comparisons and decision-making tools based on graph theory. This method is possible. It confirms the relationships between the variables or limits the relationships in a mutually systematic and developmental process between the criteria, the level of influence. And specifies their importance in the form of a numerical score. The most important indicator of the DEMATEL method is multi-criteria decision-making and performance. It is in creating relationships and structure between factors. This art is in addition to changing cause -and -effect relationships. And disabled to a structural visual model, can identify the internal relationships between the factors and make them understandable.<br /><strong>Findings and Discussion:</strong> Among the factors affecting the stability of the employment of the studied villages in the post-Covid period, in the first degree is the infrastructural and institutional dimension (f2) and in the second degree is the environmental dimension (f1) with weight coefficients of 0.19 and 13, respectively. As influencing factors and economic factor (f3) were identified as the most effective criteria. Based on this, infrastructural-institutional and sometimes environmental factors were identified and specified as the cause factors and the economic factors under the name of the effectivefactors. Some of the structural and institutional factors that have led to employment instability in the post-Covid period include unequal access to medical and health services; Inequality in benefiting from welfare opportunities, inappropriateness of access to various agricultural institutions, lack of agricultural products transformation industries, providing Permits for the construction of workshops for rural industries, inadequate hospitality, residential and sanitary facilities for tourists, low access to services, poor condition of roads and Rural roads, the weakness of telephone communication networks in rural areas, and the weakness of implementation of development programs in the region. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the post-Covid period, villagers, as the most vulnerable groups against economic changes, need more support from the national and local governments.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current research showed that the effectiveness of economic and social factors in reducing rural employment is very important in the Post-Covid era. For more appropriate management and development of employment in rural communities, especially the rural community of Lorestan, it is necessary to adopt appropriate economic solutions to support the agricultural sector and jobs related to villages. Also, it is necessary to manage these factors with cooperation and coordination between the government, organizations and the local community to minimize the reduction of rural employment in this period. In addition, it is necessary to pay a lot of attention to the social effects of these economic changes in villages and rural communities and take appropriate measures to preserve the identity and culture of villages.<br /><br /><br />https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_104754_7b20155068ddae1ec211fabd6b91bced.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219A Comparative Study Impact of Urban Green Spaces on Children's Mental Health with an Emphasis on the Child-Friendly City Approach
(Study Case: Districts Four and Five of Karaj City)A Comparative Study Impact of Urban Green Spaces on Children's Mental Health with an Emphasis on the Child-Friendly City Approach
(Study Case: Districts Four and Five of Karaj City)15317210482410.48308/sdge.2024.234037.1191FAMahdiehFarvardinDepartment of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran0009-0004-3736-2002MalihehBababkhaniDepartment of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran0000-0002-0585-7447Journal Article20240410<strong>Background and purpose: </strong>In today's urban world, children are increasingly exposed to stressful factors that can negatively affect their mental health and well-being, thus creating child-friendly cities that prioritize children's needs is a vital aspect in planning and Urban design has become one of the approaches that has attracted considerable attention to include urban green spaces such as parks and playgrounds to help children's mental health. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of urban green spaces on the mental health and well-being of children in the framework of the child-friendly city approach.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>This research has been done with a developmental-applicative purpose, and two documentary and field methods have been used to collect data. First, by using library and documentary studies, information about the impact of urban green spaces on children's mental health was collected. Then appropriate questionnaires were designed and distributed and 379 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's sampling method. Finally, data analysis was done using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as single-sample t-test and step-by-step regression. In the next step, using the TOPSIS method, the impact of urban green spaces on the mental health of children in the four and five districts of Karaj has been investigated.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>The research findings from data analysis show that the most important factors affecting children's mental health are accessibility, sense of place, participation, diversity and variety, social interactions, vitality, usability, security, and pause and creative spaces. Also, the t-test result showed that the average of the indicators in region five is better than region four. The indicators of permeability, readability, memorability, social trust, materials, vegetation, pause spaces, recreational and educational uses, social and physical security, and dynamism and flexibility are in a favorable state in region five, but the importance of these indicators in region four is much lower. In stepwise regression analysis, the model that has a higher adjusted coefficient of determination than the other models presented is selected as the final model for research analyses. In the regression analysis for region four, the selected model with an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0/167, has the highest adjusted coefficient of determination among the other models presented in the analysis and is selected as the final model of the analysis. In region five, the selected model has an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0/544, which is the highest value among the other models and is selected as the final model.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the analysis of the research data show that the average indicators in region five will have a greater impact on the mental health of children in that region than in region four, and the findings of TOPSIS model showed that out of all the studied regions, region five has a coefficient of 0/99, in The first rank and the fourth region with a weight of 0/01, is ranked second from the point of view of children 6 to 14.<br /> <br /> <strong>Background and purpose: </strong>In today's urban world, children are increasingly exposed to stressful factors that can negatively affect their mental health and well-being, thus creating child-friendly cities that prioritize children's needs is a vital aspect in planning and Urban design has become one of the approaches that has attracted considerable attention to include urban green spaces such as parks and playgrounds to help children's mental health. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of urban green spaces on the mental health and well-being of children in the framework of the child-friendly city approach.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>This research has been done with a developmental-applicative purpose, and two documentary and field methods have been used to collect data. First, by using library and documentary studies, information about the impact of urban green spaces on children's mental health was collected. Then appropriate questionnaires were designed and distributed and 379 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's sampling method. Finally, data analysis was done using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as single-sample t-test and step-by-step regression. In the next step, using the TOPSIS method, the impact of urban green spaces on the mental health of children in the four and five districts of Karaj has been investigated.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>The research findings from data analysis show that the most important factors affecting children's mental health are accessibility, sense of place, participation, diversity and variety, social interactions, vitality, usability, security, and pause and creative spaces. Also, the t-test result showed that the average of the indicators in region five is better than region four. The indicators of permeability, readability, memorability, social trust, materials, vegetation, pause spaces, recreational and educational uses, social and physical security, and dynamism and flexibility are in a favorable state in region five, but the importance of these indicators in region four is much lower. In stepwise regression analysis, the model that has a higher adjusted coefficient of determination than the other models presented is selected as the final model for research analyses. In the regression analysis for region four, the selected model with an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0/167, has the highest adjusted coefficient of determination among the other models presented in the analysis and is selected as the final model of the analysis. In region five, the selected model has an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0/544, which is the highest value among the other models and is selected as the final model.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the analysis of the research data show that the average indicators in region five will have a greater impact on the mental health of children in that region than in region four, and the findings of TOPSIS model showed that out of all the studied regions, region five has a coefficient of 0/99, in The first rank and the fourth region with a weight of 0/01, is ranked second from the point of view of children 6 to 14.<br /> <br /> https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_104824_368220e48bf295a2e97a87cb8d316cc1.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Components of Environmental Sustainability of Cities and the Human-Centered Transportation Approach (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis)Components of Environmental Sustainability of Cities and the Human-Centered Transportation Approach (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis)17319010565310.48308/sdge.2025.238275.1230FADavodMohammadpourDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran0009-0007-8873-9852AliPanahiDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-0286-4326HasanAhmadzadeh,Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-5178-0164Journal Article20250107<strong>EXTENDED ABSTRACT</strong><br /><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Considering the increase in air pollution and its negative effects on the environment and citizens, and the necessity of benefiting from sustainable transportation patterns, the present study was written with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the formation of a human-centered transportation pattern and achieving environmental sustainability in Tabriz metropolis. In general, it can be said that the current transportation system of Tabriz metropolis suffers from major limitations such as insufficient public transportation share, high share of private car use, increasing number of business trips, and low attention to walking or cycling, which has resulted in complications such as traffic congestion, lack of parking spaces, increased pollution, decreased level of citizen mobility, increased fuel consumption, and energy waste and the failure to employ proper human-centered transportation methods and the lack of appropriate definition and culture in this field have doubled its undesirable effects.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The research method in the present study is mixed (a combination of quantitative-qualitative methods) with an applied purpose and an analytical and exploratory nature. In this regard, first, using the documentary method and interviews with managers and elites in the field of transportation, the components affecting environmental sustainability based on the development of human-centered transportation were identified, and then the impact of each component was examined through questioning the sample size and the partial least squares model in the Smart-pls software.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>The research findings show that despite the emphasis on human-centered transportation planning in Tabriz metropolis and the construction of sidewalks and the development of bus and metro lines, functional divisions among different organizations, determinism, inconsistency between transportation and land use plans, lack of sufficient budget allocation, inadequate supervision of the implementation of transportation plans, and fundamental shortcomings in laws and regulations and awareness among citizens are among the major weaknesses. The results also show that the greatest impact in achieving human-centered transportation is related to the components of emphasizing an integrated and systemic approach in transportation management and planning, comprehensive content of transportation plans, coordinating transportation and land use plans, designing and implementing a comprehensive fleet management system, and developing walking and cycling paths at different levels of the city, for which the structural model value was calculated as 0.792, 0.751, 0.744, 0.735, and 0.730, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Planning for the environmental sustainability of cities based on a human-centered transportation model is one of the necessities of contemporary cities, especially in developing countries. In Tabriz metropolis, considering the increasing rate of motor vehicle use and the increase in environmental pollution, especially air pollution, and the consequent threat to the physical and mental health of citizens, the use of human-centered transportation is an inevitable necessity. In Tabriz metropolis, the use of human-centered transportation approaches such as the metro, express buses, and sidewalks has increased in recent years. However, the physical and demographic expansion of the city and the increasing number of cars and the resulting environmental impacts have made it necessary to manage and plan human-centered transportation with a purposeful and flexible perspective. Ultimately, it can be said that achieving environmental sustainability in Tabriz metropolis based on human-centered transportation planning is a result of various dimensions, the most important of which are integrated and systematic transportation management and planning, benefiting from comprehensive and coherent plans coordinated with land use planning, relativism, developing infrastructure such as walking and cycling, upgrading and equipping express buses and metros, making public transportation smart and using clean fuel in them, emphasizing transportation technology, formulating appropriate laws, and raising awareness and culture among citizens.<br /> <br /><strong> </strong><strong>EXTENDED ABSTRACT</strong><br /><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Considering the increase in air pollution and its negative effects on the environment and citizens, and the necessity of benefiting from sustainable transportation patterns, the present study was written with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the formation of a human-centered transportation pattern and achieving environmental sustainability in Tabriz metropolis. In general, it can be said that the current transportation system of Tabriz metropolis suffers from major limitations such as insufficient public transportation share, high share of private car use, increasing number of business trips, and low attention to walking or cycling, which has resulted in complications such as traffic congestion, lack of parking spaces, increased pollution, decreased level of citizen mobility, increased fuel consumption, and energy waste and the failure to employ proper human-centered transportation methods and the lack of appropriate definition and culture in this field have doubled its undesirable effects.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The research method in the present study is mixed (a combination of quantitative-qualitative methods) with an applied purpose and an analytical and exploratory nature. In this regard, first, using the documentary method and interviews with managers and elites in the field of transportation, the components affecting environmental sustainability based on the development of human-centered transportation were identified, and then the impact of each component was examined through questioning the sample size and the partial least squares model in the Smart-pls software.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>The research findings show that despite the emphasis on human-centered transportation planning in Tabriz metropolis and the construction of sidewalks and the development of bus and metro lines, functional divisions among different organizations, determinism, inconsistency between transportation and land use plans, lack of sufficient budget allocation, inadequate supervision of the implementation of transportation plans, and fundamental shortcomings in laws and regulations and awareness among citizens are among the major weaknesses. The results also show that the greatest impact in achieving human-centered transportation is related to the components of emphasizing an integrated and systemic approach in transportation management and planning, comprehensive content of transportation plans, coordinating transportation and land use plans, designing and implementing a comprehensive fleet management system, and developing walking and cycling paths at different levels of the city, for which the structural model value was calculated as 0.792, 0.751, 0.744, 0.735, and 0.730, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Planning for the environmental sustainability of cities based on a human-centered transportation model is one of the necessities of contemporary cities, especially in developing countries. In Tabriz metropolis, considering the increasing rate of motor vehicle use and the increase in environmental pollution, especially air pollution, and the consequent threat to the physical and mental health of citizens, the use of human-centered transportation is an inevitable necessity. In Tabriz metropolis, the use of human-centered transportation approaches such as the metro, express buses, and sidewalks has increased in recent years. However, the physical and demographic expansion of the city and the increasing number of cars and the resulting environmental impacts have made it necessary to manage and plan human-centered transportation with a purposeful and flexible perspective. Ultimately, it can be said that achieving environmental sustainability in Tabriz metropolis based on human-centered transportation planning is a result of various dimensions, the most important of which are integrated and systematic transportation management and planning, benefiting from comprehensive and coherent plans coordinated with land use planning, relativism, developing infrastructure such as walking and cycling, upgrading and equipping express buses and metros, making public transportation smart and using clean fuel in them, emphasizing transportation technology, formulating appropriate laws, and raising awareness and culture among citizens.<br /> <br /><strong> </strong>https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_105653_bef6a2183b8ac2cc181597c715788c3f.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Migration of Afghan Citizens and Their Role in Urban Environmental Protection: Waste Recycling Process (Comparative study: Valenjak and Shahre-Ray Neighborhoods)Migration of Afghan Citizens and Their Role in Urban Environmental Protection: Waste Recycling Process (Comparative study: Valenjak and Shahre-Ray Neighborhoods)19120810510110.48308/sdge.2024.228574.1076FAJilaSajadiDepartment of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-3897-8878ShokryehArefiDepartment of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.Mohamad TaghiRazavyanDepartment of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20220831<strong>Background and purpose: </strong>In this research, two neighborhoods have been compared in a comparative way. The scope of study in this research is two urban neighborhoods of Ray in region 20 and Velenjak neighborhood in region 1. The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare these two neighborhoods in terms of the role of Afghan immigrants in protecting the environment by relying on and emphasizing the process of waste recycling in the case, and to know the reasons and contexts that have caused them to be attracted to this field of activity. In this regard, some studies have been conducted at the national and global level. It should be noted that the studies conducted are very limited and efforts have been made to study the issue of Afghan immigrants in different dimensions.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of the objective is practical-practical. The method of data collection has been two methods, documentary and survey. It was non-random-targeted, and its volume was considered until reaching scientific saturation, i.e. 50 people. Since there are accurate statistics on the exact number of immigrants in these two neighborhoods, therefore, according to field observations and also achieving scientific saturation, the number of samples was determined to be 100 immigrants. In order to analyze the data, from independent one-sample t-tests to check the average indicators; Also, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to rank the research components.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>The differences among the desired neighborhoods in terms of the status of the mentioned indicators indicate that, in general, there is a greater desire for Afghan immigrants to settle in the urban neighborhood of Ray. In a general summary and based on the Kruskal Wallis test, there is a significant level of 99% difference between the neighborhoods of Valenjak and Shahr Ray, so that in Shahr Ray neighborhood with an average rating of 101.3, it is higher than other Valenjak neighborhoods with an average of 90.96. There are various reasons and factors that Afghan immigrants have a greater desire to immigrate to a destination or, on the contrary, they have a less desire to immigrate to that destination. In other words, the more the social, economic, political and cultural conditions in a neighborhood are in a way that increases the possibility of living, the more the amount of migration to that destination increases. Among the factors and areas affecting migration, economic factors are the most effective. Because the main concern of immigrants is mostly economic and they can tolerate cultural and political pressures to some extent, but if economic conditions, especially employment and house rent, are not provided, it becomes extremely difficult to live. In the northern neighborhoods of Tehran, because the conditions are very complicated and difficult in various economic sectors, it is not possible for the middle classes of the society to live, let alone foreign immigrants who have very low financial ability and work skills. In contrast to the southern neighborhoods of Tehran, including Shahr Ray, migration to these neighborhoods has increased due to the economic conditions prevailing in the southern neighborhoods, such as the existence of employment in informal sectors, diversity in house rent, the presence of compatriots and acquaintances in these neighborhoods.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that the financial and economic necessity as well as various social and cultural aspects play an important role in the destination of the immigrants, that the neighborhood of Shahre Ray has more possible and relative indicators than the neighborhood of Velanjak. Another point is that immigrants generally work in informal sectors, one of these sectors is garbage collection and employment in the urban waste recycling process. The results showed that the Afghan immigrants in the city of Ray are more involved in the process of recycling urban waste than in the neighborhood of Valanjak. Another point is that immigrants play a greater role in the waste collection phase.<strong>Background and purpose: </strong>In this research, two neighborhoods have been compared in a comparative way. The scope of study in this research is two urban neighborhoods of Ray in region 20 and Velenjak neighborhood in region 1. The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare these two neighborhoods in terms of the role of Afghan immigrants in protecting the environment by relying on and emphasizing the process of waste recycling in the case, and to know the reasons and contexts that have caused them to be attracted to this field of activity. In this regard, some studies have been conducted at the national and global level. It should be noted that the studies conducted are very limited and efforts have been made to study the issue of Afghan immigrants in different dimensions.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of the objective is practical-practical. The method of data collection has been two methods, documentary and survey. It was non-random-targeted, and its volume was considered until reaching scientific saturation, i.e. 50 people. Since there are accurate statistics on the exact number of immigrants in these two neighborhoods, therefore, according to field observations and also achieving scientific saturation, the number of samples was determined to be 100 immigrants. In order to analyze the data, from independent one-sample t-tests to check the average indicators; Also, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to rank the research components.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion: </strong>The differences among the desired neighborhoods in terms of the status of the mentioned indicators indicate that, in general, there is a greater desire for Afghan immigrants to settle in the urban neighborhood of Ray. In a general summary and based on the Kruskal Wallis test, there is a significant level of 99% difference between the neighborhoods of Valenjak and Shahr Ray, so that in Shahr Ray neighborhood with an average rating of 101.3, it is higher than other Valenjak neighborhoods with an average of 90.96. There are various reasons and factors that Afghan immigrants have a greater desire to immigrate to a destination or, on the contrary, they have a less desire to immigrate to that destination. In other words, the more the social, economic, political and cultural conditions in a neighborhood are in a way that increases the possibility of living, the more the amount of migration to that destination increases. Among the factors and areas affecting migration, economic factors are the most effective. Because the main concern of immigrants is mostly economic and they can tolerate cultural and political pressures to some extent, but if economic conditions, especially employment and house rent, are not provided, it becomes extremely difficult to live. In the northern neighborhoods of Tehran, because the conditions are very complicated and difficult in various economic sectors, it is not possible for the middle classes of the society to live, let alone foreign immigrants who have very low financial ability and work skills. In contrast to the southern neighborhoods of Tehran, including Shahr Ray, migration to these neighborhoods has increased due to the economic conditions prevailing in the southern neighborhoods, such as the existence of employment in informal sectors, diversity in house rent, the presence of compatriots and acquaintances in these neighborhoods.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that the financial and economic necessity as well as various social and cultural aspects play an important role in the destination of the immigrants, that the neighborhood of Shahre Ray has more possible and relative indicators than the neighborhood of Velanjak. Another point is that immigrants generally work in informal sectors, one of these sectors is garbage collection and employment in the urban waste recycling process. The results showed that the Afghan immigrants in the city of Ray are more involved in the process of recycling urban waste than in the neighborhood of Valanjak. Another point is that immigrants play a greater role in the waste collection phase.https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_105101_b6050761b75009c4ea4f61eaadd43fea.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversitySustainable Development of Geographical Environment2476-580561120250219Concept and Discourse of Neighborhood Community Educational Centers in the Paradigm of Urban SustainabilityConcept and Discourse of Neighborhood Community Educational Centers in the Paradigm of Urban Sustainability20922610389410.48308/sdge.2023.232278.1134FARaminSharifi-TashniziHuman Geography & Spatial Planning Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6435-6776ZohrehFanniHuman Geography & Spatial Planning Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8282-4887PegahMoridosadatHuman Geography & Spatial Planning Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6656-5838Journal Article20230708<strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The concept of Community-centered school is a spatial discourse with an explanation of how currents exist in a local community. Based on this, the present methodological research has identified, investigated, and analyzed the insights and components of the social school and presented the overall theoretical-conceptual framework and modeling of the variables involved in it based on the perspective of sustainable development to provide the possibility of evaluating the tools and extractive variables. It should be a framework for further studies. These insights are grouped, into four main axes: The first insight is educational communication based on learning based on the local community. In the second vision, integration with the neighborhood community is discussed. The third insight, local community participation, and the fourth insight, citizen-based actions have been proposed.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The methodological nature, is based on knowing the appropriate methods of investigation and analysis of its new subject. Based on the importance of the physical role of urban elements and its social-identity function based on the use of pragmatist philosophy and mixed approach, the application of content analysis technique and discrete consensus support method by extracting themes and concepts and categorization through database coding and then applying it in the support model Discrete consensus, factors influencing the formation of neighborhood-oriented community schools based on sustainable development have been studied and analyzed. This approach is hierarchical and first, the effective components of the research were identified using a qualitative approach. Then the findings were analyzed based on a quantitative approach. In this study, descriptive strategies and grand theory strategy were used as a road map; Techniques such as content analysis, validity, and reliability have been proposed and experts' questionnaires have been used. The statistical population is all printed texts in the field of local community schools, sustainable urban development, and all the experts of the urban planning system of Iran. In this society, the basis for determining the sample size is the theoretical saturation limit. On the other hand, in the quantitative part, i.e. measuring tools for qualitative analysis, urban planning experts were used, based on theoretical saturation, there were 12 experts in this field.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion:</strong> The present study was proposed based on the identification and development of the initial model of local community schools and urban sustainability. To identify the impact of community schools on the physical structure of the city and its role in the urban planning system, the researcher has collected qualitative data to find the most important and basic general framework from among the experts of the urban planning system of Iran and the codes extracted from printed texts. to identify First, 11 influencing variables of content analysis were identified. To prioritize and select the best variables, a discrete consensus support method was used. In the summary, discussion, and conclusion, the influential variables were obtained based on the highest level of consensus of the experts, and two main variables were removed from the study process due to the lack of consensus level. Therefore, 9 variables remained in the extracted model. The results of this summary were determined based on a targeted sample and extracted from specialized sources and 12 experts on the urban planning system, which show the importance of 9 variables of political structure, cultural management, economic management, social management, environmental management, learning, full-time schools, multi-functional space, the management of educational space are community-oriented in defining and modeling schools.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The influencing variables on the formation of the discourse and road map of local community schools in sustainable urban development are political structure variables such as intellectual systems in planning and political theoretical foundations influencing the educational process. Cultural management includes concepts such as continuous change and evolution, cultural diversity and promotion of appropriate biological principles. Economic management includes local links, development capacity building, production innovations, and links of different economic sectors. Social management includes the implementation of collaborative programs, preservation of cultural heritage, capacity building of institutions, control, and supervision at local levels; These findings are consistent with the present study. Environmental management: The community-oriented school emphasizes the relationship between the natural environment and human society more than anything else, and includes the topics of technology changes, sustainable quality of biological resources, and energies, land use changes, tourism, land use management, and environmental integrity. Learning is a concept related to experience and processes of understanding and applying it. Full-time schools have been used as a dependent variable in the qualitative section and selective coding in the movement from part to whole. This variable is the community-oriented school, which has a full-time social function, as an effective structure in the social system. Multi-functional space: It is a space belonging to all generations and it is a local community-oriented school with various functions in the city. Educational space management: includes a set of concepts in education, educational communication, academic motivation, per capita, school location, and physical-human resources. According to the collective agreement of the elites of Iran's urban planning system, all these effective elements in the model of community-oriented schools can be a model for measuring schools in Iran to determine how much and how they can be classified based on the sustainability system and neighborhood-oriented communities.<br />.<br /> <br /> <strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The concept of Community-centered school is a spatial discourse with an explanation of how currents exist in a local community. Based on this, the present methodological research has identified, investigated, and analyzed the insights and components of the social school and presented the overall theoretical-conceptual framework and modeling of the variables involved in it based on the perspective of sustainable development to provide the possibility of evaluating the tools and extractive variables. It should be a framework for further studies. These insights are grouped, into four main axes: The first insight is educational communication based on learning based on the local community. In the second vision, integration with the neighborhood community is discussed. The third insight, local community participation, and the fourth insight, citizen-based actions have been proposed.<br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The methodological nature, is based on knowing the appropriate methods of investigation and analysis of its new subject. Based on the importance of the physical role of urban elements and its social-identity function based on the use of pragmatist philosophy and mixed approach, the application of content analysis technique and discrete consensus support method by extracting themes and concepts and categorization through database coding and then applying it in the support model Discrete consensus, factors influencing the formation of neighborhood-oriented community schools based on sustainable development have been studied and analyzed. This approach is hierarchical and first, the effective components of the research were identified using a qualitative approach. Then the findings were analyzed based on a quantitative approach. In this study, descriptive strategies and grand theory strategy were used as a road map; Techniques such as content analysis, validity, and reliability have been proposed and experts' questionnaires have been used. The statistical population is all printed texts in the field of local community schools, sustainable urban development, and all the experts of the urban planning system of Iran. In this society, the basis for determining the sample size is the theoretical saturation limit. On the other hand, in the quantitative part, i.e. measuring tools for qualitative analysis, urban planning experts were used, based on theoretical saturation, there were 12 experts in this field.<br /><strong>Findings and discussion:</strong> The present study was proposed based on the identification and development of the initial model of local community schools and urban sustainability. To identify the impact of community schools on the physical structure of the city and its role in the urban planning system, the researcher has collected qualitative data to find the most important and basic general framework from among the experts of the urban planning system of Iran and the codes extracted from printed texts. to identify First, 11 influencing variables of content analysis were identified. To prioritize and select the best variables, a discrete consensus support method was used. In the summary, discussion, and conclusion, the influential variables were obtained based on the highest level of consensus of the experts, and two main variables were removed from the study process due to the lack of consensus level. Therefore, 9 variables remained in the extracted model. The results of this summary were determined based on a targeted sample and extracted from specialized sources and 12 experts on the urban planning system, which show the importance of 9 variables of political structure, cultural management, economic management, social management, environmental management, learning, full-time schools, multi-functional space, the management of educational space are community-oriented in defining and modeling schools.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The influencing variables on the formation of the discourse and road map of local community schools in sustainable urban development are political structure variables such as intellectual systems in planning and political theoretical foundations influencing the educational process. Cultural management includes concepts such as continuous change and evolution, cultural diversity and promotion of appropriate biological principles. Economic management includes local links, development capacity building, production innovations, and links of different economic sectors. Social management includes the implementation of collaborative programs, preservation of cultural heritage, capacity building of institutions, control, and supervision at local levels; These findings are consistent with the present study. Environmental management: The community-oriented school emphasizes the relationship between the natural environment and human society more than anything else, and includes the topics of technology changes, sustainable quality of biological resources, and energies, land use changes, tourism, land use management, and environmental integrity. Learning is a concept related to experience and processes of understanding and applying it. Full-time schools have been used as a dependent variable in the qualitative section and selective coding in the movement from part to whole. This variable is the community-oriented school, which has a full-time social function, as an effective structure in the social system. Multi-functional space: It is a space belonging to all generations and it is a local community-oriented school with various functions in the city. Educational space management: includes a set of concepts in education, educational communication, academic motivation, per capita, school location, and physical-human resources. According to the collective agreement of the elites of Iran's urban planning system, all these effective elements in the model of community-oriented schools can be a model for measuring schools in Iran to determine how much and how they can be classified based on the sustainability system and neighborhood-oriented communities.<br />.<br /> <br /> https://egsdejournal.sbu.ac.ir/article_103894_4ed0f9a1be6097e85d1932e2316b21d0.pdf