Abstract

Background and purpose
In the global system, the pattern of strategic planning has been formed in the majority of participation in planning and theory of systems in different countries, and this type of planning has arisen due to the neglect and inadequacy of comprehensive plans. In less developed countries, the lack of people participation in the process of preparing and implementing urban comprehensive plans and not paying attention to the facilities and conditions for the realization of urban comprehensive plans are considered to be the reasons for the need to review the urban planning system and the preparation of the mentioned plans. Therefore, strategic planning was created in response to the basic weaknesses of comprehensive plans in meeting the city's needs and guiding its future growth and development. There are various reasons for the non-fulfillment of urban development plans, some Iranian experts have stated the most important of them as the problems of comprehensive plans under the two headings of "plan implementation failures" and "plan review and approval process failures". Therefore, the current research aims to examine the factors affecting the realization of urban development plans on a global scale and to extract and formulate indicators and factors affecting the realization of these plans.
Methodology
The current research is considered as an applied research in terms of its purpose and as a descriptive analytical research in terms of its nature. The approach of the current research is quantitative and qualitative. First, using MAXQDA analytical software, sub-, central, and selective codes are extracted to identify factors affecting the realization of urban development plans. To determine the feasibility of urban development plans on a global scale, various sources such as books, articles, reports, and various urban development plans were first studied, then coding was done using MAXQDA software. In the following, the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making model has been used to prioritize and rank the factors affecting the realization of urban development plans. It has been used for ranking according to experts, including city managers, urban planning experts, consulting engineers, university professors, and other people who somehow have expertise and mastery of the subject. Therefore, sampling was carried out to the extent of scientific saturation and 20 people were identified as the sample population.
Findings and discussion
The findings obtained for the investigation of urban development plans showed that the components of the realization of urban development plans are adaptability, coordination, communication and systematicity, flexibility, realism, decentralized and participatory planning, and transparency, which can be seen in the form of figure number 6. About the findings obtained in Table No. 7 (final rank of indicators), it should be said that among the components proposed to recognize the most important component affecting the realization of strategic plans is the component of realism and decentralized and participatory planning. In general, in successful countries in strategic planning, attention and emphasis on the mentioned components were able to realize urban development plans.
Conclusion
By reviewing the specialized literature of the research, it was determined that various factors affect the non-realization of urban development plans. They have been investigated in many researches, and it has been emphasized that different mechanisms have an effect on the nonrealization in all regions. Therefore, the common denominator of most of these researches is the emphasis on structural requirements at the national and regional scale, which is more consistent with the centralized and departmental management model. In addition, the spatial dimensions in the human and natural spheres affect the state of realizability. This effect sometimes hurts the realizability situation and in some cases, it also has a positive effect depending on the conditions governing different areas. In the current research, the incompatibility in the plans as well as the weak participation of all social groups have been emphasized. In general, successful countries in the field of strategic planning, with attention and emphasis on the components of adaptability, harmony, communication and systematicity, realism, decentralized planning, and transparency, were able to realize urban development plans. According to the findings, it should be said that among the components proposed to recognize the most important factor in the realization of urban development plans on a global scale, the realism and flexibility have been assigned the most points.