Abstract

Background and purpose
In this research, in order to improve the resilience in marginal neighborhoods as the most vulnerable urban context, small-scale planning will be done as vulnerable neighborhoods. It seems that if the issues related to form and texture such as access network, density, and block pattern, etc. are investigated at the neighborhood level, the resilience of the marginalized neighborhoods against accidents can be improved. Increased and finally witnessed the emergence of more resilient urban areas. In this article, Idealoo neighborhood, as a neighborhood with a long history located in the marginal areas of Tabriz city, has been selected as a case study. Nested texture, smallness, limited breathing spaces and narrow passages are among the physical characteristics of this neighborhood. In addition to these cases, the influx of incompatible uses into the residential fabric has caused a disturbance in the life of this neighborhood. Therefore, this research tries to identify the effective physical factors in the resilience of urban marginal areas (idelo neighborhood of Tabriz) and analyze them.
Methodology
The current research is a cross-sectional method in terms of practical purpose, in terms of time, and in terms of quantitative-qualitative nature. Due to the novelty of the topic, the sources were analyzed using a narrative review method from the existing literature. In terms of method, the type of research design was carried out with a structural-analytical model and data collection was done in the form of survey and library studies, in terms of quality, the grand theory method was used using "Max QDI" software. The statistical population of the research included professors, specialists and city managers of Tabriz city, and 30 people were selected as the sample size. Structural equation model was used for data analysis using SPSS and AMOS software. In this way, in this research, for data analysis, firstly, using spss software and exploratory factor analysis, using principal components extraction method and varimax rotation, with the aim of structural discovery of factors affecting physical resilience in marginalized areas. And then using Mplus software, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used to confirm the exploratory factor structure and the fit indices were used to evaluate the fit of the final model obtained from the structural equation modeling approach. Findings and discussion
The results of the second-order factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of all physical indicators in the resilience of marginal areas of Tabriz city (Idelou neighborhood) are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 99% probability level. The greatest effects were related to permeability factor with factor load (0.86), followed by factors of flexibility with factor load (0.72), physical stability with factor load (0.68) and safety factor with factor load (62). /0) are located. As a result, how to create physical resilience is an effective protection strategy in marginal areas. Creating resilient spaces creates safe zones in a marginalized area that strengthen local capacities.
Conclusion
In marginal areas, strategies based on protecting physical conditions and improving them for resilience, taking into account urgent needs, and strategies to restore people's independence in terms of dignity, are possible through strengthening local capacities. This approach is used in four physical spaces: a cultural center, headquarters, resilient spaces, top-down protection approach.