Abstract

Background and purpose: In this research, two neighborhoods have been compared in a comparative way. The scope of study in this research is two urban neighborhoods of Ray in region 20 and Velenjak neighborhood in region 1. The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare these two neighborhoods in terms of the role of Afghan immigrants in protecting the environment by relying on and emphasizing the process of waste recycling in the case, and to know the reasons and contexts that have caused them to be attracted to this field of activity. In this regard, some studies have been conducted at the national and global level. It should be noted that the studies conducted are very limited and efforts have been made to study the issue of Afghan immigrants in different dimensions.
Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of the objective is practical-practical. The method of data collection has been two methods, documentary and survey. It was non-random-targeted, and its volume was considered until reaching scientific saturation, i.e. 50 people. Since there are accurate statistics on the exact number of immigrants in these two neighborhoods, therefore, according to field observations and also achieving scientific saturation, the number of samples was determined to be 100 immigrants. In order to analyze the data, from independent one-sample t-tests to check the average indicators; Also, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to rank the research components.
Findings and discussion: The differences among the desired neighborhoods in terms of the status of the mentioned indicators indicate that, in general, there is a greater desire for Afghan immigrants to settle in the urban neighborhood of Ray. In a general summary and based on the Kruskal Wallis test, there is a significant level of 99% difference between the neighborhoods of Valenjak and Shahr Ray, so that in Shahr Ray neighborhood with an average rating of 101.3, it is higher than other Valenjak neighborhoods with an average of 90.96. There are various reasons and factors that Afghan immigrants have a greater desire to immigrate to a destination or, on the contrary, they have a less desire to immigrate to that destination. In other words, the more the social, economic, political and cultural conditions in a neighborhood are in a way that increases the possibility of living, the more the amount of migration to that destination increases. Among the factors and areas affecting migration, economic factors are the most effective. Because the main concern of immigrants is mostly economic and they can tolerate cultural and political pressures to some extent, but if economic conditions, especially employment and house rent, are not provided, it becomes extremely difficult to live. In the northern neighborhoods of Tehran, because the conditions are very complicated and difficult in various economic sectors, it is not possible for the middle classes of the society to live, let alone foreign immigrants who have very low financial ability and work skills. In contrast to the southern neighborhoods of Tehran, including Shahr Ray, migration to these neighborhoods has increased due to the economic conditions prevailing in the southern neighborhoods, such as the existence of employment in informal sectors, diversity in house rent, the presence of compatriots and acquaintances in these neighborhoods.
Conclusion: The results showed that the financial and economic necessity as well as various social and cultural aspects play an important role in the destination of the immigrants, that the neighborhood of Shahre Ray has more possible and relative indicators than the neighborhood of Velanjak. Another point is that immigrants generally work in informal sectors, one of these sectors is garbage collection and employment in the urban waste recycling process. The results showed that the Afghan immigrants in the city of Ray are more involved in the process of recycling urban waste than in the neighborhood of Valanjak. Another point is that immigrants play a greater role in the waste collection phase.