Indicators of native architecture of Guilan with a tectonic approach for designing sustainable residential and tourism complexes

In today's dynamic world, we are witnessing significant developments in the field of architecture. These developments are influenced by technological advances and the modern and new needs of Western societies, which have gradually entered the arena of Iran. Meanwhile, a question occupies our minds: do these developments and transformations only focus on the structural and technical aspects or do they also focus on aesthetics and architecture? The tectonic approach is a concept in architecture that can provide an appropriate answer to this question. This approach is one of the concepts that is proposed in the history of architecture that addresses both the technical and artistic dimensions. Contemporary Iranian architecture has lost its identity in its attempt to modernize and has neglected the principles of native and traditional architecture in its pursuit of achieving global standards. Because native and traditional Iranian architecture, with a strong and fruitful history from various perspectives such as sustainability and being focused on Iranian culture and art, can share a large and special part of this art and culture. Those interested in vernacular architecture have expressed aspects of this architecture from three perspectives in which the continuation of vernacular architecture to the contemporary era and the future has been ignored. The first perspective aims to preserve the works left behind by vernacular architecture. The second perspective seeks ways to ensure the continued existence of vernacular architecture, and the third perspective uses vernacular architecture as a source for understanding architectural values. The characteristics that exist in vernacular architecture are one of the most influential factors in attracting tourists, and this perspective can have a significant impact on the development of sustainable tourism and introducing this approach to society. Because in today's world, where the concept of sustainable development is receiving special attention, the tourism industry, which is a dynamic industry, seeks to align its development with the principles of sustainability by understanding the balance between economic prosperity and environmental protection. In the context of contemporary Iranian architecture, one of the main challenges is to preserve the vernacular identity against global trends. Guilan Province, with its rich heritage of wooden structures and designs in harmony with the climate, is a rich example of native architecture. The main goal of this research is to apply the tectonic approach and draw inspiration from the features of native architecture of Guilan in order to design sustainable tourism accommodations. These accommodations should, in addition to environmental sustainability, create a deep sense of belonging in tourists and help them experience the authentic identity of the place. The research method of this qualitative research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose. Data collection in the form of library and fieldwork has been pursued in two main phases to deeply understand the indicators of native architecture of Guilan with a tectonic approach. The result of these two phases has been the extraction and compilation of the final indicators of native architecture of Guilan based on the tectonic approach in order to be used in the design of sustainable tourism accommodations with a focus on the native architectural style of the region in order to develop sustainable tourism. The findings and results indicate that the vernacular architecture of Guilan, with its intelligent use of native materials such as wood and the design of steeply pitched roofs, has provided an inherent and engineered response to the region's climatic challenges (such as high humidity and heavy rainfall) and is an outstanding example of environmental sustainability and thermal comfort. The important achievement of the research is the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework based on a tectonic approach to re-identify the vernacular elements of the region's architecture. This framework allows these elements to be reproduced in contemporary designs using new technologies and materials without sacrificing cultural authenticity and climatic efficiency. The practical application of these principles in the design of tourist accommodations in the region, which provides the possibility of this ideological and executive integration towards the development of sustainable tourism, is very important.