Modeling the Impact of Satisfaction with Rural Managers' and Tourists' Performance on Women's Participation in Waste Management (A Case Study of Selected Tourism Villages in the Hawraman Cultural Landscape)

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Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Cultural Heritage, HandiCrafts and Tourism, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the frequent visits of tourists to rural tourism destinations, waste management in these areas requires a more complex process than in other rural settlements because of the high volume of waste generated. In this context, the participation of rural women, as managers of resources and households, constitutes the primary element in the waste management process; however, their participation alone is insufficient. Given the specific conditions of these villages, rural managers and tourists also represent other key elements related to waste management, as their optimal performance can play a decisive role in facilitating waste management processes. Therefore, addressing the research gap regarding the relationship between these three key elements, this study aims to explain the impact of satisfaction with the performance of rural managers and tourists on women's participation in waste management using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population consists of women residing in the selected tourism villages in the Hawraman Cultural Landscape, from which 180 individuals were selected as the sample. The primary instrument for field data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using mean comparison tests and Duncan's multiple range test in SPSS software. ArcMap was utilized for the spatial representation of the level of rural women's participation in waste management, and Amos Graphics was used for structural modeling.
Results and Discussion: The calculated mean results for the three key elements related to waste management revealed that the mean values for 'rural women's participation in waste management' and 'tourists' satisfaction with performance' were 2.95 and 1.3, respectively, both at a moderate level. Meanwhile, the mean value for 'satisfaction with rural managers' performance' was 3.57, which was above the moderate level. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) regarding the differences among rural tourism destinations in terms of women's participation in waste management showed a significant F-statistic (F = 4.089). Regarding the goodness-of-fit indices for the final model, the obtained values for P, CMIN, DF, CMIN/DF, RMR, GFI, NFI, CFI, PRATIO, RMSEA, and HOELTER were 0.055, 118.734, 95, 1.25, 0.048, 0.922, 0.954, 0.99, 0.792, 0.037, and 180, respectively. Under these conditions, it can be concluded that the proposed model possesses an acceptable goodness-of-fit. Furthermore, the analysis of the effects of the variables included in the final model showed that 'satisfaction with rural managers' performance' and 'tourists' satisfaction' had statistically significant effects on the dependent variable, with critical ratios of 5.636 and 4.055, and standardized total effects of 0.497 and 0.363, respectively. Additionally, the results indicated that these two variables collectively explained 61% of the variance in the research's dependent variable.
Conclusion: Considering the sensitivity and dependence of the local community's livelihood in tourism destination villages on tourist visits, and given the significant positive statistical effect of both satisfaction with rural managers' and tourists' performance on the level of rural women's participation in waste management, it is essential to enhance the performance of both rural managers and tourists in waste management through the implementation of key and effective measures. Furthermore, the fitted model can serve as a foundation for future studies related to the development and strengthening of rural women's participation in waste management, particularly in tourism destination villages.

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References

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Sustainable Development of Geographical Environment

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