Urban Planning Based on Behavioral Patterns Appropriate to Climatic Comfort (Case Study: Ten, Eleven and Twelve Districts of Tehran)

Background and purpose:The present research, while investigating the spatial distribution pattern of Tehran's thermal islands in the context of social (behavioral) characteristics of this city, also deals with urban planning and development based on the effect of behavioral patterns to increase climate comfort. In this research, by examining the neighborhoods of ten, eleven and twelve districts of Tehran (selected neighborhoods resulting from overlapping urban quality GIS maps with satellite images of urban heating), including Mortazavi and Soleimani neighborhoods in ten district, Jumhori and Abbasi neighborhoods in eleven district and Harandi and Takhti neighborhoods are in Dozadhe region, finding the analytical relationship of continuity and correlation between the pattern of distribution of heat islands and the behavior patterns of citizens in the mentioned neighborhoods has been done with inferential analysis.

Materials and Methods:
In order to provide urban planning solutions based on behavioral patterns appropriate to climatic comfort in the city of Tehran, the present research has addressed the dominant behavioral patterns of residents and visitors in urban contexts, and by expanding these analyzes on the connection and correlation between the distribution pattern of heat islands and the behavioral patterns of citizens in the neighborhoods According to the inferential analysis (SPSS) of ANOVA variance and Spearman's correlation coefficient, it provides urban planning solutions in the form of a coherent urban model resulting from these analyses. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and both documentary and field methods are used to collect data. In the documentary method, more scientific books and scientific-research publications have been used. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and both documentary and field methods are used to collect data. In the documentary method, more scientific books and scientific-research publications have been used. Basic GIS maps of population density, housing prices and quality of life taken from the National System of Applied Data are overlaid with satellite images from Landsat 8 and Madis satellites prepared in September and February 2014 by the author, up to the areas of Tehran that are responsible for the existence The arrival of heat islands in them is caused by the lack of urban quality in Tehran. Why so among the new methods of calculating the urban heat island and the role of different uses is the use of remote sensing and satellite images. In order to obtain the predominant behavioral patterns of residents and visitors in the urban contexts of the mentioned neighborhoods, including (time of presence, reasons for presence, frequency of presence and population density) with the field method and distribution of questionnaires to the subjective and perceptual evaluation of people in the environment and Its descriptive analysis is discussed. While conducting field studies, qualitative analysis was also done based on behavioral and semantic observations. In order to find the analytical relationship of continuity and correlation between the distribution pattern of heat islands and the behavioral patterns of citizens, an inferential analysis has been performed.
 
Findings and Discussion
Presence in different neighborhoods has different manifestations. By creating invitingness in other activity spaces by strengthening activities with activity overflow, defining pause and movement spaces in the space of the main streets on the edge and within the context of the neighborhood, controlling the entry and exit of vehicles to the neighborhood by defining the entrance for the main streets, etc. during these hours. Finally, by expanding the analyzes that have been done in this research, urban planning solutions will be implemented in the urban system to solve the problem of heat islands with behavioral patterns.
 
Conclusion
The neighborhoods under study lost their climatic comfort and became heat islands due to the presence of mixed uses and traffic interference, management disorder, etc. The activities in these neighborhoods are known at the city level in terms of meaning, but they lack proper implementation rules. Therefore, these parts have the necessary potential to explain and provide behavioral patterns to reduce the effects of heat islands. In order to explain and present the principles of reducing the effects of heat islands and increasing the level of public satisfaction, controlling attendance in neighborhoods, and paying attention to the low traffic hours of each neighborhood and its management are among the most important factors in reducing heat islands with behavioral patterns.