فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

تحلیل اثرات شاخص های مشارکت نخبگان در برنامه ریزی شهر خلاق مطالعه موردی: شهر قم

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مجید بهزادی نیا
هادی سروری
مریم دانشور
گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
10.48308/sdge.2024.236554.1208
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: با ظهور برنامه‌ریزی مشارکتی در دهه ۱۹۷۰، توجه به گروه‌های ذی‌نفع و تأثیرگذار، از جمله مشارکت نخبگان، به یکی از موضوعات اصلی تبدیل شد؛ اما امروزه، به دلیل تخصصی شدن برنامه‌ریزی، کمبود منابع و انتظارات گسترده، مشارکت عمومی کاهش یافته است. این مسئله باعث شده برنامه‌های شهری تنها به نیازهای ظاهری افراد بپردازند و نیازهای بنیادی آن‌ها را نادیده بگیرند که در نتیجه منجر به تخریب و ناکارآمدی مناطق شهری شده است. عدم توجه به مشارکت نخبگان در بحث‌های شهری، تأثیرات قابل توجهی بر پروژه‌ها و برنامه‌های شهری داشته و منجر به چالش‌هایی نظیر عدم تعهد، مشکلات ارتباطی، فقدان شفافیت، سیاست‌های نادرست و بی‌نظمی شده است. در بافت ایران، مشارکت نخبگان شهری در سیاست‌گذاری شهری همچنان مبهم باقی مانده است. شهر قم با چالش‌ها و مسائلی مرتبط با مشارکت نخبگان شهری مواجه است که شامل فقدان فضاهای مناسب برای مشارکت و تبادل اطلاعات، کارگاه‌ها، نشست‌ها و جلسات مشارکتی است. بر این اساس، مطالعه حاضر با هدف تحلیل تأثیرات شاخص‌های مشارکت نخبگان در برنامه‌ریزی شهر خلاق انجام شده و به طور خاص بر شهر قم متمرکز است.
روش‌شناسی: مطالعه حاضر از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی برای بررسی نقش مشارکت نخبگان در برنامه‌ریزی شهر خلاق استفاده کرده است. این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی است و هدف آن کشف روابط بین متغیرها و پدیده‌ها و پرداختن به مسائل و چالش‌های مربوط به خلاقیت شهری، نظیر تخصص و تجربه، مشارکت در تصمیم‌گیری، ارتباط با جامعه شهری، شفافیت و شناخت و ارزیابی جامعه شهری از منظر مشارکت نخبگان است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه شامل تمامی کارشناسان و متخصصان رشته‌های جامعه‌شناسی، جغرافیا، شهرسازی و معماری در این حوزه است و از روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی برای انتخاب نمونه‌ها استفاده شده است. با نظرسنجی از ۶۰ کارشناس و نخبه، پرسشنامه‌ای تهیه شد و پس از تأیید اعتبار آن، پرسشنامه نهایی گردید. برای تعیین پایایی پرسشنامه از روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد و ضریب آلفا محاسبه گردید. همچنین، برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش دیمتل استفاده شد. این روش، روشی برای تصمیم‌گیری بر اساس مقایسات زوجی است که با استفاده از ماتریس مقایسه زوجی بین معیارها و شاخص‌های این مطالعه و اعمال مقیاس امتیازدهی خاص، تحلیل انجام شد. تکنیک دیمتل روشی تحلیلی است که برای بررسی روابط علّی بین عوامل یا معیارهای مختلف در یک سیستم استفاده شده و قادر است نقشه روابط شبکه‌ای ایجاد کرده و روابط متقابل بین عوامل را مدل‌سازی نماید. این روش قابلیت ساختاردهی به نقشه روابط با ارتباطات شفاف بین زیرمعیارها برای هر معیار را داشته و برای ایجاد نمودارهای علّی که روابط علت و معلولی بین زیرسیستم‌ها را تجسم بخشد، استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها و بحث: نتایج دیمتل نشان داد که در بردار D+R، شاخص‌های ارزیابی جامعه شهری، شفافیت در تصمیم‌گیری، مشارکت اجتماعی، توانایی مدیریت پروژه و تعامل با شهروندان و مدیران از مهم‌ترین و تأثیرگذارترین عوامل در برنامه‌ریزی شهر خلاق هستند. در بردار D-R، شاخص‌هایی نظیر درک زیرساخت‌های شهری، شفافیت اجرای پروژه، مشارکت افراد ماهر، تجربه کاری و تعامل با شهروندان و مدیران به عنوان عوامل علّی شناسایی شدند. در مقابل، شاخص‌هایی نظیر اطلاع‌رسانی به جامعه شهری، مهارت‌های ارتباطی و تعامل با نهادهای مرتبط به عنوان عوامل تأثیرپذیر شناخته شدند. مهارت‌های ارتباطی به عنوان تأثیرپذیرترین متغیر ظاهر شد، در حالی که توانایی مدیریت پروژه به عنوان تأثیرگذارترین متغیر شناسایی شد. به طور کلی، تعامل با جامعه شهری و شفافیت در تصمیم‌گیری نقش محوری در تقویت برنامه‌ریزی شهر خلاق ایفا نمودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که ارزیابی جامعه شهری، شفافیت، مشارکت در تصمیم‌گیری، تخصص و تجربه و تعامل با جامعه شهری در رتبه‌های بالای اهمیت قرار دارند. فقدان مشارکت نخبگان در برنامه‌ریزی شهری منجر به مشکلات هماهنگی در اجرای پروژه‌های خلاقانه و فرهنگی، کاهش جذابیت شهری و کاهش تعامل نخبگان شده است. تسهیل مشارکت نخبگان اعتماد شهروندان را تقویت نموده و مشارکت فعال آن‌ها در توسعه شهری را تشویق نماید. مطالعه تأکید نمود که مشارکت فعال نخبگان سنگ بنای برنامه‌ریزی موفق شهر خلاق است که نه تنها مشکلات هماهنگی را برطرف ساخته، بلکه جذابیت و پویایی فرهنگی مناطق شهری را نیز افزایش داده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
شهر خلاق
مشارکت
مشارکت نخبگان
برنامه ریزی شهر خلاق
شهر قم
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Analyzing the Effects of Elite Engagement Indicators on Creative City Planning Case Study: Qom City

نویسندگان English

Majid Behzadi Nia
Hadi Sarvari
Maryam Daneshvar
Department of Urban Planning, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Purpose: With the emergence of participatory planning in the 1970s, attention to stakeholder and influential groups, including elite participation, became one of the main topics. However, today, due to the specialization of planning, lack of resources, and broad expectations, public participation has decreased. This issue has caused urban programs to address only the apparent needs of individuals while neglecting their fundamental needs, consequently leading to the deterioration and inefficiency of urban areas. The lack of attention to elite participation in urban discussions has had significant effects on urban projects and programs, resulting in challenges such as lack of commitment, communication problems, absence of transparency, misguided policies, and disorganization. In the Iranian context, urban elite participation in urban policymaking remains ambiguous. The city of Qom faces challenges and issues related to urban elite participation, including the lack of suitable spaces for participation and information exchange, workshops, summits, and participatory meetings. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effects of elite participation indicators in creative city planning and specifically focuses on the city of Qom.
Methodology: The present study utilized a descriptive-analytical method to examine the role of elite participation in creative city planning. This research is of an applied type and aims to explore the relationships between variables and phenomena and address issues and challenges related to urban creativity, such as expertise and experience, participation in decision-making, connection with the urban community, transparency, and recognition and evaluation of the urban community from the perspective of elite participation. The statistical population under study includes all experts and specialists in the fields of sociology, geography, urban planning, and architecture in this area, and the snowball sampling method was used to select the samples. A questionnaire was prepared through surveying 60 experts and elites, and after confirming its validity, the questionnaire was finalized. The Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, and the alpha coefficient was calculated. Moreover, the DEMATEL method was used for data analysis. This method is a decision-making approach based on pairwise comparisons that conducted analysis using a pairwise comparison matrix among the criteria and indicators of this study and applying a specific scoring scale. The DEMATEL technique is an analytical method used to examine causal relationships between various factors or criteria within a system and is capable of creating a network relationship map and modeling the interrelationships among factors. This method has the capability of structuring a relationship map with clear interconnections among sub-criteria for each criterion and has been used to create causal diagrams that visualize the cause-and-effect relationships among subsystems.
Findings and Discussion: The DEMATEL results revealed that in the D+R vector, the indicators of urban community assessment, transparency in decision-making, social participation, project management ability, and interaction with citizens and managers are among the most important and influential factors in creative city planning. In the D-R vector, indicators such as understanding urban infrastructure, project implementation transparency, participation of skilled individuals, work experience, and interaction with citizens and managers were identified as causal factors. In contrast, indicators such as informing the urban community, communication skills, and interaction with related institutions were recognized as effect-receiving factors. Communication skills emerged as the most effect-receiving variable, while project management ability was identified as the most influential variable. Overall, interaction with the urban community and transparency in decision-making played a pivotal role in enhancing creative city planning.
Conclusion: The results showed that urban community assessment, transparency, participation in decision-making, expertise and experience, and interaction with the urban community rank in high levels of importance. The lack of elite participation in urban planning has led to coordination problems in implementing creative and cultural projects, reduced urban attractiveness, and decreased elite engagement. Facilitating elite participation strengthens citizen trust and encourages their active participation in urban development. The study emphasized that active elite participation is the cornerstone of successful creative city planning, which not only resolves coordination problems but also enhances the attractiveness and cultural dynamism of urban areas

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Creative city
participation
elite participation
creative city planning
Qom city
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فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی
دوره 7، شماره 13 - شماره پیاپی 13
تابستان
تابستان 1404
صفحه 49-63