فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

گردشگری و توسعه پایدار جوامع روستایی: بازخوانشی از رویکرد مشارکت‌پذیری (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان شیراز)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده
علی شمس الدینی
گروه جغرافیا، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
10.48308/sdge.2025.239751.1251
چکیده
مقدمه: نواحی روستایی با چالش‌هایی مانند کاهش جمعیت، درآمد پایین و افول اقتصادی مواجه‌اند. حفظ کشاورزی سنتی بدون تغییر، مشکلات اجتماعی را تشدید می‌کند. توسعه گردشگری روستایی به‌عنوان راهکاری برای ارتقای معیشت، حفظ میراث فرهنگی و افزایش تاب‌آوری مناطق روستایی پیشنهاد شده است. سرمایه‌گذاری هدفمند و اصلاح سیاست‌های حمایتی در این زمینه ضروری است. با تنوع محصولات و بهبود امکانات، روستاها می‌توانند گردشگران بیشتری جذب کنند. با این حال، باید توسعه گردشگری به گونه‌ای مدیریت شود که هم به ساکنان سود برساند و هم به محیط طبیعی آسیب نرساند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش مشارکت‌پذیری جوامع روستایی در توسعه پایدار گردشگری آن‌ها است.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شد. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، متخصصان و کارشناسان گردشگری روستایی هستند. برای تعیین حجم نمونه از روش تمام شماری استفاده و در نهایت 30 نفر انتخاب شده است. روایی محتوایی پرسش‌نامه توسط اساتید و خبرگان حوزه گردشگری و توسعه روستایی تأیید شد. پایایی پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد و مقدار آن برابر با 782/0 به دست آمد. در این پژوهش از آزمون‌های مجموع نمرات، انحراف معیار و ضریب تغییرات برای اجماع نظرات بین متخصصان، از آزمون کروسکال- والیس و کندال برای ثبات بین گروهی و قابلیت اطمینان نظرات بین خبرگان و برای رتبه‌بندی معیارها و زیر معیارها از مدل تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره سلسله‌مراتبی فازی (AHP- Fuzzy) استفاده شده است.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که مؤلفه اقتصادی گردشگری با وزن نهایی 388/0، به عنوان مهم‌ترین عامل مؤثر در توسعه پایدار جوامع روستایی در شهرستان شیراز شناسایی شد. پس از آن، بعد زیست‌محیطی با وزن 240/0 در رتبه دوم اهمیت قرار دارد. همچنین، ابعاد اوقات فراغت و آموزشی با وزن 195/0 و اجتماعی- فرهنگی با وزن 185/0 به ترتیب در مراتب بعدی قرار گرفتند. بر این اساس، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که جنبه‌های اقتصادی نقش پررنگ‌تری در نگاه ذی‌نفعان نسبت به سایر ابعاد توسعه پایدار در بستر گردشگری روستایی ایفا می‌کنند.
نتیجه‌گیری: تحقق توسعه پایدار روستایی مستلزم تعامل سازنده و هم‌افزا میان جامعه میزبان (ساکنان روستا) و جامعه میهمان (گردشگران) است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که گردشگری روستایی، در صورتی که با رویکردی مشارکت‌محور و برنامه‌ریزی‌شده دنبال شود، می‌تواند بستری برای منافع چندسویه اقتصادی، اجتماعی-فرهنگی، زیست‌محیطی و آموزشی برای هر دو جامعه فراهم آورد. از دیدگاه جامعه میزبان، گردشگری موجب افزایش اشتغال، تنوع معیشتی، تقویت کسب‌وکارهای بومی و ارتقای سرمایه اجتماعی شده است. مشارکت مستقیم روستاییان در فعالیت‌های گردشگری، نه‌تنها باعث پویایی اقتصادی شده، بلکه به حفظ و بازتولید هویت فرهنگی و همبستگی اجتماعی نیز کمک کرده است. از سوی دیگر، گردشگران با دسترسی به محیط‌های اصیل روستایی، تجربه‌هایی معنادار، آرامش روانی و آموزش غیررسمی دریافت کرده‌اند که در نهایت به شکل‌گیری نگرش‌های مسئولانه، آگاهی محیط‌زیستی و احترام به تنوع فرهنگی انجامیده است. در دوران بحران کرونا، گردشگری روستایی به‌عنوان مکانی امن و درمانگر روانی برای گردشگران ظاهر شد و در عین حال، به تقویت تاب‌آوری جامعه میزبان نیز انجامید. تحلیل ابعاد چهارگانه گردشگری نشان داد که جامعه میزبان بیشتر بر مزایای اقتصادی تمرکز دارد، در حالی‌که جامعه میهمان به جنبه‌های زیست‌محیطی و آموزشی-تفریحی علاقه‌مند است. این تمایز نیازمند سیاست‌گذاری دقیق‌تری بر مبنای انتظارات هر دو گروه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
مشارکت پذیری
گردشگری روستایی
توسعه پایدار روستایی
شهرستان شیراز
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development: A Reinterpretation of the Participatory Approach (Case Study: Shiraz County)

نویسنده English

Ali Shamsoddini
Department of Geography, Shi.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Rural areas face challenges such as population decline, low income, and economic downturn. Maintaining traditional agriculture without change exacerbates social problems. Rural tourism development has been proposed as a solution to improve livelihoods, preserve cultural heritage, and enhance the resilience of rural regions. Targeted investment and reform of supportive policies are essential in this regard. By diversifying their product offerings and improving their facilities, villages can attract more tourists. However, tourism development must be managed in a way that benefits residents while not harming the natural environment. The present study aims to examine the role of community participation in the sustainable development of rural tourism.
Materials and Methods: This research is applied in nature and conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach. The main data collection tool was a researcher-designed questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of rural tourism specialists and experts. The census method was used to determine the sample size, resulting in the selection of 30 participants. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts in the fields of tourism and rural development. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding a value of 0.782. In this study, sum scores, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation tests were used to reach consensus among experts; Kruskal-Wallis and Kendall tests assessed inter-group stability and reliability of expert opinions. For ranking criteria and sub-criteria, the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP-Fuzzy) multi-criteria decision-making model was employed.
Results and Discussion: Achieving sustainable rural development requires constructive and synergistic interaction between the host community (rural residents) and the guest community (tourists). The findings of this study indicate that rural tourism, when pursued through a participatory and well-planned approach, can provide a platform for multifaceted economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and educational benefits for both communities. From the host community’s perspective, tourism has increased employment, diversified livelihoods, strengthened local businesses, and enhanced social capital. Direct participation of villagers in tourism activities has not only stimulated economic vitality but also contributed to the preservation and reproduction of cultural identity and social cohesion. On the other hand, tourists who access authentic rural environments gain meaningful experiences, psychological relaxation, and informal education, ultimately leading to responsible attitudes, environmental awareness, and respect for cultural diversity. During the COVID-19 crisis, rural tourism emerged as a safe and therapeutic space for tourists while also strengthening the host community's resilience. Analysis of the four dimensions of tourism showed that the host community focuses more on economic benefits, whereas the guest community is more interested in environmental and educational-recreational aspects. This distinction requires more precise policymaking that accounts for the expectations of both groups.
Conclusion: chieving sustainable rural development requires constructive and synergistic interaction between the host community (village residents) and the guest community (tourists). The findings of this study indicate that rural tourism, if pursued through a participatory and well‑planned approach, can provide a platform for multiple economic, socio‑cultural, environmental, and educational benefits for both communities.From the host community’s perspective, tourism has led to increased employment, livelihood diversification, strengthening of local businesses, and the enhancement of social capital. The direct involvement of villagers in tourism activities has not only stimulated economic dynamism, but has also contributed to the preservation and reproduction of cultural identity and social cohesion.On the other hand, tourists, through access to authentic rural environments, have gained meaningful experiences, psychological relaxation, and informal learning opportunities, which ultimately have fostered responsible attitudes, environmental awareness, and respect for cultural diversity.During the COVID‑19 crisis, rural tourism emerged as a safe space and a source of psychological healing for tourists, while simultaneously enhancing the resilience of the host community.The analysis of the four dimensions of tourism showed that the host community focuses more on economic benefits, whereas the guest community is more interested in environmental and educational‑recreational aspects. This divergence calls for more precise policymaking based on the expectations of both groups.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Participatory Approach
Rural Tourism
Sustainable Rural Development
Shiraz County
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فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی
دوره 7، شماره 14 - شماره پیاپی 14
پاییز
پاییز 1404
صفحه 33-47