پایداری متابولیسم شهری بر مبنای رهیافت شهر باز مولد

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پیشینه و هدف
شهرهای کنونی پتروپلیس هایی هستند که همه عملکردهای کلیدی آن ها، تولید، مصرف و حمل و نقل با تزریق انبوه نفت و سوخت های فسیلی تامین می‌شوند. چنین شهرهای با الگوی متابولیسم خطی سبب افزایش بی‌نظمی، اتلاف منابع و افزایش آلاینده ها در جاهای دیگری می‌شوند. متابولیسم شهری مانند یک لنز برای اندازه گیری عملکرد انسانی- طبیعی یک شهر عمل می‌کند و  روش مناسبی برای ارزیابی سطح پایداری شهر  است. رهیافت بازمولد با ادغام ورودی و خروجی های متابولیسم شهری در غالب تفکر بازمولد می‌تواند به عنوان پایه‌ای علمی برای شناسایی مشکلات محیط زیستی فعلی و ارتقاء دوباره سلامت اکوسیستم شهری مطرح باشد. بدین منظور این پژوهش به بررسی استفاده از معیارهای شهر باز مولد در پایداری متابولیسم شهر و سطح بندی آن‌ها می‌پردازد و از متابولیسم شهری به عنوان پایه ای برای سنجش معیار‌های پایداری استفاده می‌کند. در واقع این پژوهش به دنبال رفع شکاف مطالعاتی میان اصول باز مولدی و پایداری متابولیسم شهر است.
 
روش شناسی
پژوهش حاضر، یک پژوهش اسنادی و تفسیری با رویکرد آمیخته است که به منظور تبیین مفاهیم و شاخص های سنجش پایداری متابولیسم شهری بر مبنای رهیافت شهر بازمولد، با استفاده از ادبیات نظری مرتبط، مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه و در نهایت مقایسه رویکردهای نوین، انجام شده است. تحلیل محتوا به مثابه استراتژی پژوهش است. روش جمع آوری نیز بر مبنای اطلاعات کتابخانه ای است. در نهایت از یک فرایند کدگذاری انتخابی برای شناسایی روابط بین مفاهیم کلیدی، انجام سنتز موضوعی و پاسخ به سوالات استفاده شده که منجر به ارائه شاخص‌های نهایی پژوهش شده است. در ادامه برای سطح بندی شاخص‌ها از نظر اهمیت و اثرگذاری در سیستم پایداری، از مدل سازی تفسیری ساختاری استفاده شده است.
یافته ها و بحث
پس از تحلیل محتوا در متون و اسناد مرتبط با موضوع، مولفه‌های پایداری بر اساس چهار عنصر آب، انرژی، غذا و مواد استخراج شده‌اند. در رابطه با عنصر آب، معیارهای پایداری متابولیسم عبارتند از کاهش تولید با راندمان بالا، کاهش اتلاف و بازتولید آب است. در رابطه با معیار غذا، معیارهای پایداری متابولیسم بر کاهش ورود منابع، کاهش مصرف داخلی و بازیافت مواد غذایی تاکید دارد. در مبحث انرژی نیز معیارهای پایداری، تحت تاثیر معیارهای بازمولد همچون تولید انرژی بر اساس پتانسیل اکوسیستم، منابع تجدید پذیر و احیاء منابع اکوسیستم است. در بخش مواد نیز معیارهای پایداری چون کاهش تولید و بازیافت مواد در هماهنگی با اصول باز مولد می‌تواند به کاهش رد پای بوم شناختی، حفظ تنوع زیستی و پایداری منابع منتهی شود. همچنین شاخص‌های سنجش پایداری متابولیسم شهری بر مبنای معیارهای رهیافت شهر باز مولد در سه سطح دسته بندی شده‌ که بیانگر میزان اهمیت و اثرگذاری هر سطح از شاخص‌ها در پایداری اکوسیستم شهرها است.
                                           
نتیجه گیری
‌از آنجایی که این پژوهش به دنبال درک و بسط بینش بیشتر در خصوص نقش و جایگاه رهیافت بازمولد در پایداری متابولیسم شهری است، آنچه این پژوهش را از دیگر مطالعات متابولیسم شهری متمایز می کند پرکردن خلاء‌های متابولیسم شهری در درک پایداری سیستم ها با استفاده از نگاه رهیافت بازمولد است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان می دهند که تاثیر معیارهای بازمولد در پویایی مطالعات متابولیسم سبب شکل گیری جریان پایداری از روابط درونی سیستم شهری با سیستم برون منطقه ای می شود و از طریق این الگوی چرخشی می تواند در توسعه یکپارچه سرزمین سهم قابل توجهی داشته باشد؛ ضمن کاهش مصرف منابع، وابستگی به منابع ناپایدار را کمتر کند و اتکا به سرمایه های بومی را افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Urban Metabolism Sustainability Based on the Regenerative City Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Ghourchi
  • Mohammad Taghi Razavian
  • Roghayeh Soleimani
Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and purpose
Current cities are petropolises, where all key functions, including production, consumption, and transportation, are reliant on massive injections of oil and fossil fuels. These cities, characterized by a linear metabolism pattern increase disorder, resource waste, and pollution in other regions. Urban metabolism acts as a lens for measuring a city's human-natural function and it is a suitable method for evaluating the level of urban sustainability. The regenerative approach, by integrating the inputs and outputs of urban metabolism within a regenerative mindset, serves as a scientific foundation for identifying current environmental issues and revitalizing urban ecosystem health. This study aims to examine the use of generative city criteria in urban metabolism sustainability and their categorization, utilizing urban metabolism as a basis for assessing sustainability criteria. Essentially, this research aims to bridge the gap between regenerative principles and sustainability of urban metabolism.
Methodology
This research adopts a mixed documentary and interpretive approach, utilizing relevant theoretical literature, studies conducted in the field, and a comparison of new approaches to explicate the concepts and indicators for measuring urban metabolism sustainability based on the regenerative city approach. Content analysis is employed as the research strategy, and data collection relies on library resources. Ultimately, a selective coding process is used to identify relationships between key concepts, conduct thematic synthesis, and address research questions, resulting in the presentation of final research indicators. Furthermore, a structural interpretive modeling is employed to categorize the indicators based on their importance and impact on the sustainability system.
Findings and discussion
Through content analysis of relevant texts and documents, sustainability components are derived based on four elements: water, energy, food, and materials. Regarding the water element, sustainability criteria for urban metabolism involve reducing production with high efficiency, minimizing waste, and promoting water recycling. For the food element, sustainability criteria emphasize reducing resource inputs, minimizing domestic consumption, and promoting food recycling. In the energy sector, sustainability criteria are influenced by regenerative factors, such as energy production based on ecosystem potential, renewable resources, and ecosystem resource restoration. In the materials sector, sustainability criteria, such as reducing production and promoting material recycling in alignment with regenerative principles, contribute to reducing the ecological footprint, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring resource sustainability. Additionally, indicators for assessing urban metabolism sustainability based on the regenerative city criteria are categorized into three levels, representing the importance and effectiveness of each indicator level in urban ecosystem sustainability.
Conclusion
This research aims to enhance understanding and insights into the role and significance of the regenerative approach in urban metabolism sustainability. What sets this study apart from other urban metabolism studies is the integration of urban metabolism gaps within the framework of regenerative thinking for comprehending sustainability in systems. The findings demonstrate that the influence of regenerative criteria on metabolism studies enhances the comprehension of sustainability journals through the intrinsic relations between the urban system and the extra-regional system. This circular pattern can significantly contribute to integrated land development, reducing resource consumption, minimizing reliance on unstable resources, and increasing dependence on ecological capital.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban ecology
  • Sustainability
  • Regenerative city
  • Urban metabolism
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