Batty, M., 2005. Cities and Complexity, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 565 p.
Batty, M. and Longley, P., 1994. A Geometry of Form and Function, Academic Press, London, 394 p.
Boeing, G., 2018. Measuring the Complexity of Urban Form & Design, Urban Design International: 23, 181-292. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41289-018-0072-1
Bovill, C., 1996. Fractal Geometry in Architecture and Design, Birkhäuser, Boston, FL, USA, 207 p.
Cooper, J. and Oskrochi, R., 2008. Fractal Analysis of Street Vistas: A Potential Tool For Assessing Levels of Visual Variety in Everyday Street Scenes, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design: 35(2), 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1068/b33081
Cooper, J., Su, M. and Oskrochi, R., 2013. The influence of fractal dimension and vegetation on the perceptions of streetscape quality in Taipei, Environment and Planning B: 40(1), 43-62, https://doi.org/10.1068/b38010
Di Leva, A., 2016. The Fractal Geometry of the Brain, Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience, New York, 607 p.
Elsheshtawy, Y., 1997. Urban Complexity, Journal of Architectural and Planning Research: 14(4), 301-316, https://doi.org/10.2307/43030433
Fishman, R., 2011. The Open and the Enclosed. In T. Banerjee and A. Loukaitou-Sideris (Eds.), Companion to Urban Design Routledge, London, England. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2011.536101
Grompton, A., 2002. Fractals and Picturesque Composition, Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science: 29(3), https://journals.sagepub.com/home/EPB (Available at: 2023)
Gunawardena, G.M.W.L., Kubota, Y. and Fukahori, K., 2015. Visual Complexity Analysis Using Taxonomic Diagrams of Figures and Backgrounds in Japanese Residential Streetscapes. Urban Studies Research: 173862, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/173862
Haghani, T., 2009. Fractal Geometry, Complexity, and the Nature of Urban Morphological Evolution: Developing a fractal analysis tool to assess urban morphological change at neighbourhood level, Birmingham City University: Birmingham Institute of Art and Design.
Haghani, T., 2013. Morphological Complexity: a response, Journal of the International Seminar on Urban Form: 17, 64-67, https://doi.org/10.51347/jum.v17i1.4559
Jacobs, A. and Appleyard, D., 1987. Toward an Urban Design Manifesto, Journal of the American Planning Association: 53(1), 112-120, https://doi.org/10.1080/01944368708976642
Jiang, B., 2016. A Complex-Network Perspective on Alexander’s Wholeness. Physica A: 463, 475-484, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2016.07.038
Jiang, B. and Yin, J., 2014. Ht-Index for Quantifying the Fractal or Scaling Structure of Geographic Features, Annals of the Association of American Geographers: 104(3), 530-540, https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.83423
Ladyman, J. and Wiesner, K., 2020. What is a complex system?, Yale University Pres

Lorenz, W.E. and Kulcke, M., 2021. Multilayered Complexity Analysis in Architectural Design: Two Measurement Methods Evaluating Self-Similarity and Complexity and Matthias, Fractal Fract: 244(5), https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5040244.
Mandelbrot, B.B., 1983. The Fractal Geometry of Nature, Macmillan, New York, 468 p.
Marshall, S., 2008. Cities: Design and Evolution, Spon, New York, 360 p.
Marshall, S., 2012. Planning, Design and the Complexity of Cities, In J. Portugali, H. Meyer, E. Stolk and E. Tan (Eds.), Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, Heidelberg https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24544-2_11
Marzbani, M., Awad, J. and Rezaei, M., 2020. The Sense of Place: Components and Walkability. Old and New Developments in Dubai, The Journal of Public Space: 5(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i1.1249
Marzi, R., Haghani, T. and Rezaei, M., 2021. Explaining the Concept of Physical Complexity in Urban Landscape and Identity, Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability (JUMES): 3(2), 171-184, https://doi.org/10.22034/JUMES.2021.561686.1086
Motloch, J.L. and Woodfin, T., 1998. General systems theory, cultural change, and a human science foundation for planning and design. International Federation for Systems Research: 10(2), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.3850100201
Perry, S.G., Reeves, R.W and Sim, J.C., 2008. Landscape design and the language of nature, Landscape Review: 12(2), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.34900/lr.v12i2.257.
Povilaitien, S., Virbasiene, J. and Zaleckis, K., 2018. Evaluation of Formants of Cityscape Identity Using Fractal Analysis (Kaunas Case), Architecture and urban planning, https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2018.
Reinhardt, H., Kroll, M., Karstens, S.L., Nanoscaled, S.S., A, H. N., and Tallarek, U., 2020. Fractal Superstructures via Laser Patterning—A Versatile Route to Metallic Hierarchical Porous Materials, Advanced Materials Interfaces: 8(4), 2000253. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202000253
Rezaei, M., 2021a. Efficient Tools and Sources in Design Process, 1. In M. Rezaei and M. Rezaei (Eds.), Reviewing Design Process Theories: Discourses in Architecture, Urban Design and Planning Theories. Springer, 2, Cham, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61916-9_7
Rezaei, M., 2021b. Paradigms in Form and Space Creation, 1. In M. Rezaei and M. Rezaei (Eds.), Reviewing Design Process Theories. Springer, Cham, 2, Cham, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61916-9_6
Rezaei, M., 2023. A Review of urban design projects and theories: types and criteria, Journal of Historical Archaeology and Anthropological Sciences: 8(1), 34-39, https://doi.org/10.15406/jhaas.2023.08.00271
Rezaei, M., Marzi, R. and Shojaee, E., 2022. Embedded heritage: the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in urban placemaking (case study: Tehran’s citadel), Journal of Historical Archaeology and Anthropological Sciences: 7(3), 152-158, https://doi.org/10.15406/jhaas.2022.07.00265
Sun, W., Xu, G., Gong, P. and Liang, S., 2006. Fractal analysis of remotely sensed images: a review of methods and applications. Inter J Remote Sens: 27(22), 4963-4990. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/01431160600676695
Theiler, J., 1990. Estimating fractal dimension, J Optical Soc Am A: 7(6), 1055-1073. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.7.001055
Turnbull, L., Hutt, M.T., Ioannides, A.A., Kininmonth, S., Poeppl, R., Tockner, K. and Parsons, A.J., 2018. Connectivity and complex systems: learning from a multidisciplinary perspective, Applied Network Science: 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-41018- 40067-41102.