فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

ارزیابی و تحلیل میزان خودکفایی اقتصادی-اجتماعی محله‌ای (مورد: محله سراب، شهر مشهد)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان
نسیم نیکنامی 1
پرویز آقایی 2
1 گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه جغرافیای انسانی و آمایش، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
10.48308/sdge.2024.234206.1177
چکیده
مقدمه: خودکفایی محله‌ای موضوعی است که طی سال‌های اخیر در کانون توجهات قرار گرفته است اما واقعیت‌های نظام شهری نشان می‌دهد که در سایه توسعه اقتصادهای کلان و عمدتا مبادله‌ای؛ ساختار اقتصادی-اجتماعی محلات نیز دچار دگرگونی و حتی فروپاشی شده، بگونه‌ای که محلات وابسته جایگزین محلات خودبسنده و خودکفا شده‌اند و استقلال اقتصادی-اجتماعی محلات در حال از بین رفتن است. بر همین اساس این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان خودکفایی محله‌ای در یکی از محلات قدیمی شهر مشهد (محله سراب) در ابعاد اقتصادی و اجتماعی است.
مواد و روش‌ها: روش تحقیق این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و ماهیتی کاربردی-توسعه‌ای دارد. گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق روش‌های اسنادی و میدانی انجام شده است. مطالعات اسنادی شامل بررسی مبانی نظری و پژوهش‌های پیشین مرتبط با خودکفایی محله‌ای بوده، در حالی که مطالعات میدانی بر اساس پرسشنامه‌های توزیع‌شده میان ساکنان محله سراب انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را ساکنان محله تشکیل داده‌اند و حجم نمونه شامل ۱۰۰ نفر بوده که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری سهمیه‌ای غیرتصادفی انتخاب شدند. پس از جمع‌آوری پرسشنامه‌ها، داده‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. در بخش توصیفی، اطلاعات جمعیت‌شناختی پاسخ‌دهندگان ارائه شد و میانگین امتیاز هر یک از گویه‌های پرسشنامه بر اساس طیف پنج‌درجه‌ای لیکرت از ۱ تا ۵ برای ارزیابی میزان خودکفایی محله‌ای محاسبه گردید. در بخش استنباطی نیز از آزمون t تک‌نمونه‌ای مستقل برای بررسی معناداری تفاوت بین میانگین‌های به‌دست‌آمده و سطح متوسط مورد انتظار استفاده شد.
نتایج و بحث: مقایسه خودکفایی محله‌ای در بعد اقتصادی و اجتماعی محله سراب نشان می‌دهد که عملکرد بعد اقتصادی بسیار مطلوب‌تر از بعد اجتماعی است و میانگین آن 3.52 در مقابل 3.08 است. شایان ذکر است در هر دو بعد، امتیازات بدست‌آمده در سطح "تا حدوی مطلوب" برآورد می‌شود با این تفاوت که در بعد اجتماعی بسیار به حد نامطلوب نزدیک است. در مجموع میزان خودکفایی محله سراب با امتیاز 3.30 برآورد می‌شود که مطابق با طیف پنج‌گزینه‌ای لیکرت در سطح متوسط تا نسبتا مطلوب قابل ارزیابی است.
نتیجه‌گیری: خودکفایی اقتصادی محله‌ در سطوح مورد مطالعه حفظ شده و اهمیت آن برای توسعه محله‌ای بخصوص در شراطی که شهرها با بحران‌های اقتصادی روبرو هستند برجسته‌تر است اما در بعد اجتماعی که کمتر مورد توجه پژوهشگران و محققان بوده، چالش‌های فراوانی برای ساکنان ایجاد شده و در آینده ممکن است زنجیره‌ای از چالش‌های فرهنگی، ترافیکی و حتی اقتصادی به سبب عدم خودکفایی محله‌ای در بعد اجتماعی برای کل محله ایجاد شود زیرا فضای زیست اجتماعی جای خود را به فضای کار خواهد داد و محله به فضایی برای کسب‌وکار تبدیل خواهد شد که حجم جابجایی جمعیت در طول روز به سبب رونق اقتصادی افزایش می‌یابد و رونق و شادابی آن در طول شب از بین می‌رود زیرا کارکرد اجتماعی خود را از دست داده است. در نهایت جهت افزایش خودکفایی اقتصادی-اجتماعی محله پیشنهاداتی همچون افزایش سرانه کاربری‌های اجتماعی-فرهنگی همچون فرهنگسرا، خانه کودگ، آموزشگاه‌‌های متناسب با نیاز ساکنان و ... و حمایت از مشاغل سنتی توسط نهادهای متولی با توسعه و افزایش مجوزها و پروانه‌ها  موثر بر تاسیس کسب‌و کارهای جدید، حفظ استاندارها و ایجاد محیط کسب و کار سالم و تقویت زیرساخت‌ها بیان شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
خودکفایی محله
توسعه اقتصادی
توسعه اجتماعی
محله سراب
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation and Analysis of Neighborhood Economic-Social Self-Sufficiency (Case: Sarab Neighborhood, Mashhad city)

نویسندگان English

Nasim Niknami 1
Parviz Aghaei 2
1 Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning، Faculty of Earth Sciences، Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Neighborhood self-sufficiency has garnered increasing attention in recent years. However, the realities of the urban system reveal that, under the shadow of developing macro-economies and primarily exchange-based systems, the socio-economic structure of neighborhoods has undergone transformation and even collapse. Consequently, dependent neighborhoods have replaced self-reliant and self-sufficient ones, and the economic and social independence of neighborhoods is diminishing. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the extent of neighborhood self-sufficiency in one of the oldest neighborhoods of Mashhad (Sarab neighborhood) in its economic and social dimensions.
Materials and Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the study is developmental-applied in nature. Data collection was conducted through documentary and field methods. Documentary studies included reviewing theoretical literature and previous research related to neighborhood self-sufficiency, while field studies were based on questionnaires distributed among residents of the Sarab neighborhood. The statistical population consisted of neighborhood residents, and the sample size included 100 individuals selected through a non-random quota sampling method. After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. In the descriptive section, demographic information of respondents was presented, and the mean score of each questionnaire item was calculated based on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 to evaluate the level of neighborhood self-sufficiency. In the inferential section, a one-sample independent t-test was used to examine the significance of differences between the obtained means and the expected average level.
Results and Discussion: A comparison of neighborhood self-sufficiency in the economic and social dimensions of the Sarab neighborhood indicates that the performance of the economic dimension is much more favorable than the social dimension, with averages of 3.52 and 3.08, respectively. It is worth mentioning that in both dimensions, the scores obtained are estimated to be at the "somewhat favorable" level, with the difference that the social dimension is very close to the unfavorable level. Overall, the level of self-sufficiency of the Sarab neighborhood is estimated to be 3.30, which, according to the five-option Likert scale, can be evaluated as moderate to relatively favorable.
Conclusion: The economic self-sufficiency of the neighborhood has been maintained at the studied levels, and its importance for neighborhood development is more prominent, especially in situations where cities face economic crises. However, in the social dimension, which has received less attention from researchers, numerous challenges have been created for residents. In the future, a chain of cultural, traffic, and even economic challenges may arise for the entire neighborhood due to the lack of neighborhood self-sufficiency in the social dimension. This is because the social living space will give way to the workspace, and the neighborhood will become a space for business, which increases the volume of population movement during the day due to economic prosperity, and its prosperity and vitality disappear at night because it has lost its social function. Finally, in order to increase the economic-social self-sufficiency of the neighborhood, suggestions such as increasing the per capita of social-cultural uses such as cultural centers, children's homes, educational institutions appropriate to the needs of residents, etc., and supporting traditional occupations by responsible institutions through the development and increase of licenses and permits effective on the establishment of new businesses, maintaining standards and creating a healthy business environment, and strengthening infrastructure have been expressed.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

neighborhood self-sufficiency
economic development
social development
Sarab neighborhood
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فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی
دوره 8، شماره 17 - شماره پیاپی 17
تابستان
تابستان 1405
صفحه 72-87