فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

تاثیر اخلاق محیط‌زیستی بر نگرش بوم‌شناختی روستاییان استان خراسان رضوی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده
گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: وابستگی معیشتی روستاییان به منابع طبیعی، نگرش بوم‌شناختی آنان را به عاملی مهم در حفاظت از محیط‌زیست روستایی تبدیل کرده است. با وجود اهمیت ارزش‌های اخلاقی در شکل‌دهی به نگرش‌های محیط‌زیستی، شواهد تجربی درباره نقش ابعاد مختلف اخلاق محیط‌زیستی در میان روستاییان ایران محدود است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه و تبیین نقش اخلاق محیط‌زیستی در شکل‌گیری نگرش بوم‌شناختی روستاییان استان خراسان رضوی انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش، توصیفی–تحلیلی و مبتنی بر پیمایش میدانی است. داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته و در قالب طیف پنج‌درجه‌ای لیکرت گردآوری شد. در مدل مفهومی پژوهش، اخلاق محیط‌زیستی به‌عنوان سازه برون‌زا در سه بُعد خدامحوری، انسان‌محوری و طبیعت‌محوری و در مجموع با 20 شاخص عملیاتی شد. نگرش بوم‌شناختی نیز به‌عنوان سازه درون‌زا، در سه بُعد شناختی، عاطفی و رفتاری و با مجموع 22 شاخص مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. روابط میان سازه‌ها و ابعاد آنها با استفاده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم‌افزار AMOS ارزیابی شد. نتایج پایایی نشان داد که ابزار سنجش از انسجام درونی قابل‌قبولی برخوردار است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای سازه اخلاق محیط‌زیستی 0.826 و برای نگرش بوم‌شناختی 0.884 به‌دست آمد.
نتایج و بحث: یافته‌های مدل ساختاری نشان داد که میان اخلاق محیط‌زیستی و نگرش بوم‌شناختی روستاییان رابطه‌ای مثبت، قوی و معنادار وجود دارد (ضریب مسیر استانداردشده = 0.94، 0.001 > p). این یافته بیانگر آن است که هرچه بنیان‌های ارزشی و اخلاقی افراد در قبال محیط‌زیست قوی‌تر باشد، نگرش بوم‌شناختی آنان نیز در سطح بالاتری قرار می‌گیرد. بررسی مدل اندازه‌گیری نشان داد که همه ابعاد اخلاق محیط‌زیستی از وزن تجربی یکسانی برخوردار نیستند. در مدل نهایی، خدامحوری و طبیعت‌محوری نقش برجسته‌تری در بازنمایی سازه اخلاق محیط‌زیستی داشتند، درحالی‌که بُعد انسان‌محوری از پشتیبانی تجربی کافی برخوردار نبود و از مدل نهایی حذف شد. این یافته نشان می‌دهد که رابطه اخلاقی با محیط‌زیست بیش از آنکه صرفاً بر منافع انسانی استوار باشد، می‌تواند بر بنیان‌های ارزشی مرتبط با حرمت طبیعت و مسئولیت انسان در برابر نظام آفرینش شکل گیرد. همچنین، سه بُعد شناختی، عاطفی و رفتاری توانستند ساختار نگرش بوم‌شناختی را به‌خوبی بازنمایی کنند و بر ماهیت چندبعدی این سازه تأکید دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اخلاق محیط‌زیستی، به‌ویژه مؤلفه‌های خدامحوری و طبیعت‌محوری، با نگرش بوم‌شناختی روستاییان پیوند نزدیکی دارد و می‌تواند به‌عنوان یکی از بنیان‌های ارزشی مؤثر در حمایت از حفاظت محیط‌زیست روستایی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. بنابراین، سیاست‌های محیط‌زیستی در نواحی روستایی صرفاً نباید بر انتقال دانش و ارائه دستورالعمل‌های فنی حفاظت از منابع طبیعی متمرکز باشند، بلکه لازم است مؤلفه‌های ارزشی، فرهنگی و اخلاقی جامعه محلی نیز در طراحی آنها لحاظ شود. تلفیق آموزش‌های محیط‌زیستی با مفاهیمی همچون مسئولیت‌پذیری، احترام به طبیعت، حرمت منابع طبیعی و مسئولیت انسان در قبال نسل‌های آینده می‌تواند زمینه تقویت نگرش بوم‌شناختی را فراهم سازد. بر این اساس، نهادهای محلی، متولیان محیط‌زیست، نظام آموزشی و برنامه‌ریزان توسعه روستایی می‌توانند با بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت‌های فرهنگی و دینی جامعه روستایی، اخلاق محیط‌زیستی را به یک مؤلفه مؤثر در حفاظت از منابع طبیعی و ارتقای توسعه پایدار روستایی تبدیل کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Impact of Environmental Ethics on the Ecological Attitude of Villagers in Khorasan Razavi Province

نویسنده English

Maryam Ghasemi
Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Rural communities’ livelihoods are closely dependent on natural resources, making rural residents’ ecological attitudes an important factor in environmental conservation. Despite the importance of ethical values in shaping environmental attitudes, empirical evidence regarding the role of different dimensions of environmental ethics among rural residents in Iran remains limited. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationship between environmental ethics and ecological attitudes and to elucidate the role of environmental ethics in shaping the ecological attitudes of rural residents in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This applied study employed a descriptive–analytical design based on a field survey. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. In the conceptual model, environmental ethics was specified as an exogenous construct comprising three dimensions—theocentrism, anthropocentrism, and ecocentrism—operationalized through a total of 20 indicators. Ecological attitude was specified as an endogenous construct comprising three dimensions—cognitive, affective, and behavioral—measured through a total of 22 indicators. The relationships among the constructs and their constituent dimensions were assessed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS software. The reliability analysis indicated acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.826 for environmental ethics and 0.884 for ecological attitude.
Results and Discussion: The structural model revealed a positive, strong, and statistically significant relationship between environmental ethics and rural residents’ ecological attitudes (standardized path coefficient = 0.94, p < 0.001). This finding indicates that stronger ethical and value-based foundations regarding the environment are associated with higher levels of ecological attitudes among rural residents. The measurement model further demonstrated that the dimensions of environmental ethics did not contribute equally to the empirical representation of the construct. In the final model, theocentrism and ecocentrism played more prominent roles in representing environmental ethics, whereas the anthropocentrism dimension lacked sufficient empirical support and was therefore removed from the final model. This finding suggests that, in the study context, the ethical relationship between humans and the environment may be grounded less in exclusively human-centered interests and more in value-based principles concerning the intrinsic respect for nature and human responsibility toward the created order. Moreover, the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions adequately represented the ecological attitude construct, underscoring its multidimensional nature.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that environmental ethics, particularly its theocentric and ecocentric dimensions, is closely associated with rural residents’ ecological attitudes and may serve as an important value-based foundation for supporting rural environmental conservation. Accordingly, environmental policies in rural areas should not focus solely on knowledge transfer and the provision of technical guidelines for natural resource conservation; rather, the value-based, cultural, and ethical dimensions of local communities should also be incorporated into the design and implementation of such policies. Integrating environmental education with concepts such as responsibility, respect for nature, reverence for natural resources, and human responsibility toward future generations may contribute to strengthening ecological attitudes. From this perspective, local institutions, environmental authorities, educational systems, and rural development planners can strategically draw upon the cultural and religious capacities of rural communities to strengthen environmental ethics and transform it into an effective component of natural resource conservation and sustainable rural development.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Environmental ethics
structural model
ecology attuite
villagers
Khorasan Razavi
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