فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

فصلنامه علمی توسعه پایدار محیط جغرافیایی

نقش مؤلفه‌های معماری و هویت شهری در ارتقای گردشگری پایدار مورد مطالعه: شهر گرمسار

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه گرمسار، گرمسار، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش مؤلفه‌های معماری و هویت شهری در ارتقای گردشگری پایدار شهر گرمسار انجام شد. شهر گرمسار با وجود برخورداری از میراث معماری، بافت تاریخی، عناصر صنعتی، راه‌آهن، باغ‌شهری و آیین‌های محلی، به‌دلیل پراکندگی فضایی و ضعف پیوند شبکه‌ای عناصر هویتی، عمدتاً به ‌عنوان یک کانون گذرگاهی در محور تهران–مشهد باقی مانده و نتوانسته به مقصدی پایدار در گردشگری شهری تبدیل شود. از این رو، پژوهش به دنبال شناسایی مؤلفه‌های معماری و هویت شهری گرمسار و تحلیل نقش آن‌ها در گردشگری پایدار است.
مواد و روش ­ها: پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی، از نظر رویکرد توصیفی–تحلیلی و از نظر روش ترکیبی (کیفی–کمی) است و در چهار مرحله کیفی، دلفی فازی، کمی و تحلیل فضایی مبتنی بر GIS انجام شد. در مرحله کیفی با روش نظریه زمینه‌ای و مصاحبه با ۱۵ نفر از متخصصان، ساکنان محلی و راهنمایان گردشگری، مؤلفه‌های هویتی شناسایی و با کدگذاری سه‌ مرحله‌ای تحلیل شد. اعتبارسنجی کدها با دلفی فازی و مشارکت ۳۵ خبره انجام گرفت. در مرحله کمی، با مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری به روش حداقل مربعات جزئی و نمونه‌ای ۲۰۰ نفری از ساکنان و گردشگران، اثر مؤلفه‌های هویتی بر ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست‌محیطی و کالبدی–مدیریتی گردشگری پایدار بررسی شد. تحلیل فضایی نیز با سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و همپوشانی وزنی لایه‌ها بر پایه ضرایب مسیر انجام شد.
بحث و نتایج: یافته‌ها نشان داد که مؤلفه‌های معماری و هویت شهری گرمسار در هشت مقوله اصلی شامل معماری هیدرولیکی و مدیریت منابع آب، میراث معماری صنعتی و انبارگاهی، هویت کالبدی شهر ایستگاه، ریخت‌شناسی بافت مسکونی بومی، فناوری و مصالح سازگار با بوم، خاطره جمعی و یادمان‌های آیینی، هویت بوم‌شناختی باغ‌شهری و ظرفیت هویتی میراث و توسعه گردشگری سازمان می‌یابند. نتایج مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که هویت و معماری شهری بر هر چهار بعد گردشگری پایدار اثر مثبت، مستقیم و معنادار دارد و بیشترین اثر بر بعد اقتصادی و سپس اجتماعی است. تحلیل فضایی سه کانون اصلی هویت فضایی شهر (بافت تاریخی، محور صنعتی–ریلی و کمربند باغ‌شهری) را آشکار کرد، اما پراکندگی و ضعف پیوند شبکه‌ای، عملکرد گردشگری این عناصر را کاهش داده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر پایه یافته‌ها، هویت و معماری شهری گرمسار سرمایه‌ای فرهنگی–فضایی است که در صورت مدیریت یکپارچه می‌تواند به پیشران گردشگری پایدار تبدیل شود. بر این اساس، ایجاد کریدور یکپارچه میراثی–گردشگری برای اتصال سه کانون هویتی، توانمندسازی جامعه محلی و کسب‌وکارهای خرد در پهنه‌های اولویت‌دار، و تدوین سامانه پایش فضایی با GIS برای حفاظت از اصالت معماری و هدایت مداخلات آینده پیشنهاد می‌شود. در مجموع، گردشگری پایدار در گرمسار نه ‌فقط یک پروژه اقتصادی، بلکه پروژه‌ای فرهنگی، اجتماعی و فضایی است که بدون آن، هویت شهری به تدریج فرسوده می‌شود و فرصت تبدیل شهر از یک کانون گذرگاهی به مقصدی پویا و ماندگار از دست می‌رود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Role of Architectural Components and Urban Identity in Promoting Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study of Garmsar City

نویسندگان English

meysam zekavat
Arezoo Momenian
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering , University of Garmsar, Garmsar, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the role of architectural components and urban identity in promoting sustainable tourism in the city of Garmsar. Despite possessing architectural heritage, a historical fabric, industrial elements, a railway, garden-city features, and local rituals, Garmsar has remained primarily a transit hub along the Tehran–Mashhad corridor due to the spatial dispersion and weak networked connectivity of its identity elements, and has been unable to transform into a sustainable urban tourism destination. Accordingly, this research seeks to identify the architectural and urban identity components of Garmsar and to analyze their role in sustainable tourism.
Materials and Methods: The research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive–analytical in approach, and mixed-methods (qualitative–quantitative) in methodology, and was conducted in four stages: qualitative, fuzzy Delphi, quantitative, and GIS-based spatial analysis. In the qualitative stage, using grounded theory and interviews with 15 specialists, local residents, and tourist guides, the identity components were identified and analyzed through three-stage coding. The codes were validated via the fuzzy Delphi method with the participation of 35 experts. In the quantitative stage, structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares method was applied to a sample of 200 residents and tourists to examine the effect of the identity components on the economic, social, environmental, and physical–managerial dimensions of sustainable tourism. Spatial analysis was also performed using a geographic information system and weighted overlay of layers based on the path coefficients.
Results and Discussion: The findings revealed that the architectural and urban identity components of Garmsar are organized into eight main categories: hydraulic architecture and water resources management, industrial and warehouse architectural heritage, the physical identity of the station city, morphology of the vernacular residential fabric, technology and eco-compatible materials, collective memory and ritual memorials, the ecological identity of the garden city, and the identity capacity of heritage and tourism development. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that urban identity and architecture exert a positive, direct, and significant effect on all four dimensions of sustainable tourism, with the strongest effect on the economic dimension, followed by the social dimension. Spatial analysis identified three main foci of the city’s spatial identity (the historical fabric, the industrial–railway axis, and the garden-city belt); however, their spatial dispersion and weak networked connectivity have reduced the tourism performance of these elements.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the urban identity and architecture of Garmsar constitute a cultural–spatial capital that, if managed in an integrated manner, can become a driver of sustainable tourism. Accordingly, the creation of an integrated heritage–tourism corridor to connect the three identity foci, the empowerment of the local community and small-scale businesses in priority zones, and the development of a GIS-based spatial monitoring system for protecting architectural authenticity and guiding future interventions are proposed. Overall, sustainable tourism in Garmsar is not merely an economic project, but a cultural, social, and spatial one; without it, urban identity will gradually erode, and the opportunity to transform the city from a transit hub into a dynamic and lasting destination will be lost.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Architecture and Urban Identity
Sustainable Tourism
Spatial Analysis
Garmsar
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